Rosemarie Rizzo Parse: Bio-Spiritual Approach

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse - Nursing Theorist
Most nursing theories focus on either a bio-medical approach or a bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach. And while these theories are not only valid, but often very effective, there are some nurses who would prefer to focus on the quality of life of their patients, particularly from each individual patient's perspective. The Human Becoming Theory of Nursing, developed by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse, addresses this very issue.

Biography of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse graduated from Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, and earned her Master's and Doctoral degrees from the University of Pittsburgh.
Career of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Parse served as a faculty member at the University of
The "not me" refers to the unknown, repressed aspect of the self.

In terms of anxiety, self-system, and self-esteem, the theory explains that security operations are the measures that the individual employs to reduce anxiety and enhance security. The self-system is all of the security operations an individual uses to defend against anxiety and ensure self-esteem.

This theory provides the theoretical basis for interpersonal psychotherapy to treat patients with depression and schizophrenia. Interpersonal theory proposes that, most often, depression develops in the context of adverse events. Particularly, it develops in instances of interpersonal loss. The theory also addresses techniques and approaches on psychiatric interviews.

Katharine Kolcaba - Nursing
She has received many awards, including the Cushing Robb Prize from Case Western Reserve University in 1987 for outstanding work in a Master of Science in Nursing program and the Advancement of Science Award from Midwest Nursing Research Society for End of Life and Palliative Care Nursing in 2003. In 2005, she was awarded the Mary Hanna Journalism Second Place Award in the Best Practice Category by the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses for a co-written article published in the Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. She was also given the Marie Haug Student Award for Excellence in Aging Studies from Case Western Reserve Univeristy in 1997. Most recently, she was given the Researcher of the Year award with Dr. Therese Dowd from the Delta Omega Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau in