In 1857 New York police department set up photographs of known offenders arranged by criminal specialty and height, by one year it had over 700 photographs for detectives to study, this was known as Rogues Gallery. In assist of detectives, Chicago established the countries first municipal Criminal identification Bureau, and a year later the Atlanta police department detective bureau was created. They had one captain, one sergeant, and eight detectives.
The chief detective of New York, Thomas Byrnes published Professional Criminals in America, which included pictures and descriptions of the criminals he knew to help police. He also instructed the Mulberry Street Morning Parade.