Tsarism thrived for hundreds of years but as Russians became more educated they decided that communism and a dictatorship was too harsh and after a few revolutions Tsarism was a thing from the past. In the years 1881 to 1905 many things changed in Russia for the better and for the worse.…
All state leaders across the whole period held qualities that didn’t please the whole of the population in Russia. During the reign of Alex II, the government showed some strength with controlling opposition from the peasantry through the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. It was thought that to prevent revolt from below, this was a key movement that had to be made, and therefore prevented future unrest and opposition. However, the new liberated serfs had to deal with more laws concerning land ownership with led to further unrest and repression in the peasantry by the state. The state moreover, appeased the most vocal critics but in such a way that allowed dissenters to express themselves in the knowledge that Tsar’s decision would be final. Compared to Nicholas II’s reign, this showed a decisive leading technique, as Nicholas’s style was more conservative, and showed weakness, relying on others’ advice to fuel his decisions. A key failure throughout his period was the mixed rule attempt with the Duma introduced from 1906 to 1917, it is arguable that Nicholas II made concessions only to keep opposition temporarily at bay and that his aim was to uphold the principle of autocracy.…
Alexander ll became Tsar in 1855 after succeeding Tsar Nicholas l and was regarded as a “liberator” throughout his time as Tsar, until an attempted assassination attempt on him in 1866 were he turned more reactionary. Alexander ll was assassinated in March 1881, he was not radical and believed in a slow and progressive change, due to this he gathered much opposition to him and was eventually killed by The Peoples Will, and this kicked off ‘the era of great reforms’ [5].…
Many of the opposition fled to other European countries where they continued to plot against the Tsar. This shows how Alexander lll had caused Russia to go back in progress politically by exiling all of their possible contenders. This allowed the Tsar to have much more control over Russia much like before Alexander ll reign. The persecution of Jews caused many to join radical parties and organisations. This shows us how there was not even the slightest bit of democracy within Russia, and how Alexander lll had caused Russia to go back in progress. Another major problem in Russia was the growing population of peasants. This caused famines within Russia in 1892 and 1893. This famine was a cause of many peasants death which shows how Russia did not have the money or resources to keep up with their growing population. This showed a lack in progress as they could not even support their country’s people with…
By 1881, Russia had greatly changed. Reforms had been carried out, creating less of a gap between the social classes, and making society a fairer place. There were also developments in industry, helping Russia catch up with the western world. However, the country was still ruled in a way that out pleasing the autocracy over helping the peasants, and there was still not total freedom for everyone.…
Over time, the Russian land and people have changed to accommodate for their needs but they have also kept some aspects the same whether it was for the better or the worse. Throughout 1801 and 1939, many things changed in the Soviet Union while keeping many things the same.…
There were many changes made to the government and economy of Tsarist Russia between 1881 and 1914, however fundamentally I do not think either were completely transformed as the country was still under almost complete control of the Tsar and the majority of people had a very limited political voice, and also the economy remained a major issue with few problems solved.…
During 1870’s opposition towards Alexander II arose because of two reasons, one of which was his sudden reactionary attitude after an assassination attempt in 1866. As a result of this event, Alexander, who was at the time strongly influenced by conservatives, saw a reason for his unpopularity the western aspects he brought to Russia by his liberal reforms and therefore removed all liberal ministers he appointed before and replaced them with conservative nobility which led to more restrictions and tightening the rules after more liberal era. This caused a wave of opposition to rise as many of liberal aspects of society were taken away, namely access to education as Dimitrij Tolstoy was appointed as a minister of Education. Tolstoy made the requirements needed to enter a university much harder to achieve by lower classes which angered the students and teachers. Intelligentsia therefore formed a more serious opposition movement.…
Introduction The second half of 19th century and early 20th century was a period of reforms in Russia. Economic modernization and political changes were extremely desired. This period is one of the most important in History of Russia because it was a time of great change. Western influence spread new ideas throughout the empire.…
In the mid-1800s Russia was an Empire of over 100 years and of considerable size, with its only competitor being the larger British Empire, yet it was a country still firmly stuck in the…
In the early nineteenth century, Napoleon Bonaparte was conquering much of Europe and was beginning to move his way towards Russia. After Napoleon fled Russia, Alexander led his troops across Europe to beat Napoleon and free the different countries from the French rule. Most of the Russian army had never left Russia and they quickly saw how much more advanced Western Europe was compared to Russia. They were confused as to how the west, who had underwent many years of war and oppression from Napoleon, still lived better than they did. There was a new hope for a constitution since they fought for the rest of Europe and gave them back their freedom, Alexander would grant the same freedoms to the Russians and they had restored their faith in the government and Alexander.…
While in theory , the manner in which Russia was ruled undertook a considerable overhaul following the 1917 revolution . In reality the Country was governed with the Tsar and general security remaining as the ultimate authority with no real development occurring. Methods of oppression , propaganda and abusing civil rights were paramount in the rulings of all of the leaders be it Tsar or Communist. The largest change in the way in which Russia was ruled can be seen in the changing economy moving from open trade in the 1800's to the strict state capitalism of the 1900's. However few reforms had a direct impact in the way Russia was ruled thus meaning there was more continuity than change in the period 1855 to 1964.…
1. “What happened in Russia during the reign of Alexander II (1855-1881) was more of a revolution than many that went by that name elsewhere.” To what extent do you agree with the assertion that Alexander’s policies were revolutionary?…
Anti-Semitism – greatest victims of Russification were Jews. Many measures were introduced, heavy social, political and economic restrictions on the Jewish population.…
Tsar Alexander II had many reforms. He was an autocratic ruler who began his reforms in Russia in 1855. Some claim that his reforms were proof of his liberal attitude and others argue that he was primarily a traditionalist, this essay will explore to what extent both of arguments are accurate depictions of “The last great tsar.”…