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7: In 1905 a revolt was caused by the loss of the Russo-Japanese war. The Tsar tried to calm the people by reforming but eventually took away rights and the reforms fell apart.…
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This War with Japan was largely of Russia’s own making and it was here in 1904 where Nicolas II faced his first major test in foreign affairs to see if he was really strong enough to be Tsar. Russia’s main aims in the War were to pursue an expansionist policy in the Far East and also the Tsar wanted to distract from their domestic troubles by rallying into a patriotic struggle. However the War proved to be disastrous for Russia’s military as they had seriously underestimated the strength of the Japanese. This conflict led to disaster as Russia was defeated. It also showed up the problems with Russia’s government and the Tsar, as the military commanders had not prepared effectively enough. It was…
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The events of “Bloody Sunday” also played a dramatic role in the collapse of Tsardom. “Bloody Sunday” which was originally meant to be a peaceful protest by disgruntled steel workers in St. Petersburg took a twisted turn of events which forever tarnished the name of Tsar Nicholas II. Angered by the poor working conditions and the on-going war with Japan, thousands marched towards the Winter Palace to plead with the Tsar for reform. As the Tsar was not present at the time, panicky soldiers gunned down workers on the streets. The mass killings of dissident civilians possibly frightened the rest of the population into silent obedience, but would not have changed the fact that…
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The early years plunging Russia into the 20th century brought humiliation and prevalent discontent and resentment towards Tsar Nicholas. The decision to push Russia into a war with Japan unprepared and overconfident was the first fatal mistake Tsar Nicholas made. The humiliating blow of the disastrous war with Japan was felt nation-wide and led the people to lose faith in their “little father” and “divine ruler”. “Russia was humiliated in the eyes of…
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Like his father, Nicholas was prepared by his tutor Constantine Pobedonostsev, an extreme nationalist, who instilled in Nicholas a stubborn belief in the divine right of kings and absolute power. Many historians such as George F. Kennan, argue that it was this wholehearted belief and upholding of autocracy, which was in fact, the main reason for the March Revolution in 1917. By 1905, the changing needs of the rapidly industrialized Russia were disregarded by Nicholas, who instead ruthlessly repressed any opposition to the government and its’ autocratic system. Nicholas’ heavy censorship and policing developed a huge level of oppression and discontent amongst the Russian public. Protest was met with relentless violence such as the Bloody Sunday incident on the 22ND January 1905. With over 1000 civilians killed by Nicholas’ army, the massacre which came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” highlighted the regime’s brutal approach and the Tsar’s autocratic unwillingness to address the issues of the Russian population. The incident caused a significant decline in the Tsar’s authority, destroying Nicholas’ image as the people’s benevolent father. Bloody Sunday also triggered widespread protest and revolt, which led to the 1905 revolution. The growing resentment towards Nicholas was furthered after his failure to accept the Duma which he promised in…
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What were the consequences of the Bolshevik Revolution and why does Hobsbawm call it the central event of the 20th century?…
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Like Alexander III, Nicholas II was also a harsh dictator. Nicholas II reign increased oppression in Russia causing substantial unrest. Around this time, Japan contested Russia’s interests in Manchuria and attacked the Russian empire in 1904. From nationalist uprisings to unrest, the Russian empire was overwhelmed and was defeated in the war with Japan in 1905. To claim the Balkans, Russia went to war with Germany and Austria in 1914.…
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The failed revolution of 1905 was perhaps the most obvious example to demonstrate that the revolution of 1917 was not caused by WWI, because the desire to rebel was fully entrenched in society by 1905. The disturbance was cause by real problems and concerns such as hunger and human rights violation, exacerbated by revolutionaries, and was unsuccessful because the real problems of the agrarian and industrial sectors did not peak at the same time. Postcards commemorating the event, particularly Bloody Sunday, represented and expressed the revolutionary ideologies of contemporaries. While a drastic increase in revolutionary mentality may have been apparent from the increased productions of seditious material after 1905, this might be misconceived because loosened censorship after the October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday pegged…
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The Russ-Japanese was the beginning of the on going failure of Czar Nicholas II. The war began over both Japan and Russia wanting control over Manchuria, Russia was defeated and shaken. The Czars people began lose their faith as it started the many strikes and demonstrations in St. Petersburg. Starting a war was Nicholas’s plan to divert the attention from the national problems of Russia, however created the original division between the Czar and his people. The war was fought in the far eastern reaches of Russia and most of the population lived in Moscow and St. Petersburg, so talk of the war created little enthusiasm for people to fell about the war, which Nicholas was hoping for.…
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In Crane Brintons's book , Anatomy of Revolution, Brinton compares revolution to a fever. He says, “revolution is not a good thing”. When and if it occurs, its like an illness or something to be avoided. However, he goes on to say that fever, and Revolution , in itself is a good thing....for those who survive it.…
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On January 22, 1905, however, this image would be destroyed after soldiers fired into a crowd of unarmed protestors marching towards the Winter Palace . The protestors consisted of workers, but also women and children, who desired reform in the form of higher wages and better working conditions. This massacre of over a hundred innocents would come to be known as “Bloody Sunday.” The Tsar would even earn the nickname “Nicholas the Bloody” for his readiness to arrest and execute perceived enemies of the autocracy . But even more importantly, the violent shooting of unarmed, peaceful protestors outside “the tsar’s very windows carried immeasurable symbolic significance.”…
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In 1905 the massacre of innocent people during a peaceful protest outside the winter palace in St Petersburg sparked the start of a nationwide revolution. This mass murder of the innocent protestors became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. During the revolution strikes occurred across the nation involving more than 400,000 people, peasants attacked and raided the homes of their landlords and the Tsar’s uncle, the Grand Duke Sergei, was assassinated. Although Bloody Sunday was the immediate reason for the revolution, there were several causes which had caused long term grievances towards the Tsarist regime among the population of Russia leading up to 1905. These include the developments in the countryside and the lives of the peasants, the treatment of the inner-city working class and ethnic minorities, the repression and growth of the political opposition and the impact of the Russo Japanese war. Although all these factors contributed to the initiation of a revolution in Russia, I believe that the attitudes towards and treatment of the working class and the peasants was the most prominent reason for the uprising in 1905.…
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Prior to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and the beginning of World War I, Russia had struggled as a nation. Following the embarrassing loss of the Russo-Japanese war in 1905, and the losses by their ally, Serbia, in both the Balkan Wars and the crisis in Bosnia, Russia could not handle another loss. Shortly after their defeat by Japan, Tsar Nicholas II was forced to reform due to a failed revolution. Although the revolution was technically a failure, the advancements made in reform made the revolution somewhat worth it to those who were revolting. The revolution forced Tsar Nicholas the II to set up a more democratic form of government, by granting the state a constitution, and establishing a Russian parliament, known…
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By 1917, Russia was chaotic, the government had been thoroughly corrupted, strikes were rampant and all happening at once. The World War I had begun and Russia was having many casualties due to being ill - equipped against industrialized Germany, and amidst the countries it was the one to receive most damage. Due to the german attacks the Russian economy had been falling apart, and such a situation was only useful to the radicals, as they used it as an opportunity to join with the moderates among other forces, in order to overthrow the Czar and achieve their revolutionary goals. As time passed Russia’s situation only deteriorated, demonstrators and protestants took over the streets, the king’s armies killed many of them, but they still continued to attack full force. Then when an army took the protestants side, the tables flipped, Nicholas II, the Czar at the time was forced to abdicate his throne and so freed Russia of over four centuries of Czarist…
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Politically, the short term significance of the effects of the 1905 Revolution was not remarkable. The 1905 Revolution brought changes to the political structure of Russia; however, its significance was usually over exaggerated by historians. The Revolution brought about was the first broad based challenge to Tsardom. It exposed people’s hidden anger to the Tsar and organized into an armed revolution which aimed to overthrown the Tsarist government. Alan Wood suggested that 1the events of the 1905 Revolution such as the Bloody Sunday was the first revolutionary disturbance which forced the Tsar to authorize the holding of elections for a consultative and legislative national assembly. Peter Waldron2 shared similar views and suggested that the Revolution was significant in reminding the Tsar the existence of…
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