GEO 100 – Environmental Geology - Final Exam Multiple Choice 1. Most astronomers believe that the universe a. has existed in its present state since the beginning of time. b. formed from a huge rotating cloud of gas. c. came into existence as the result of a “Big Bang.” d. is no more than five billion years old. 2. Most of the mass of the solar system is concentrated in a. Jupiter and Saturn. b. Earth. c. the planets. d. the sun. 3. The solar system formed about a. 5 million years ago. b. 4.5 billion years ago. c. 10 billion years ago. d. 15 to 20 billion years ago. 4. The planet closest to Earth is a. Venus. b. Mars. c. Mercury. d. Jupiter. 5. Which of the following planets most closely resembles Earth in size? a. Mercury b. Mars c. Pluto d. Venus 6. A planet whose density reflects a significant iron content and relatively little gas is a. Neptune. b. Jupiter. c. Venus. d. Saturn. 7. A gaseous planet is a. Earth. b. Mars. c. Mercury. d. Jupiter. 8. Which of the following was an important heat source for melting of the primitive earth? a. volcanic activity b. the “Big Bang” that started the universe c. collisions of infalling particles d. heat energy radiated by the sun 9. Continental crust differs from oceanic crust in that it a. has a composition more like that of the mantle. b. is denser than oceanic crust. c. is thinner than oceanic crust. d. contains more light minerals than oceanic crust. 10. Of the earth’s major compositional zones, the largest is the a. inner core. b. outer core. c. mantle. d. crust. 11. The earth’s outer core is a. solid.…
2) These plates are presently moving around on Earth’s surface and interacting with one another…
4. Choose one of the geologic periods or epochs listed in figure 3.8 and find out all you can about it: How are rocks from that period identified? What are its most characteristic fossils? Where are the best samples of rocks from your chosen period found?…
The lithosphere is basically the strong outer shell of earth. It is roughly 100km thick depending on its age, and is broken into plates, known as the tectonic plates. Within the lithosphere is the crust as a portion of the upper mantle.…
3. Examine the luster of the minerals in Figure 1.2 (p. 4 lab book). Place the letter A, B, C, D, or E in the space provided that corresponds to the luster exhibited. Letters may be used more than once. A. Metallic luster, B. Nonmetallic luster – glassy, C. Nonmetallic luster – dull, D. Nonmetallic luster – silky, E. Nonmetallic luster – greasy.…
3. Atmospheric Composition & Structure. Draw a diagram labeling the five atmospheric layers discussed in class as well as the ozone layer. On your diagram, list the significance of each layer.…
Sciences involved in better understanding the earth integrate chemistry, physics, and biology into the following sciences:…
1) Overall, the physical properties of minerals provide a reliable means to identify common minerals. However, certain properties can exhibit a range of characteristics or values making them less useful for identification purposes. Choose three physical properties that might vary considerably between samples of the same mineral and explain why such variability might exist.…
The Crust is the first and upper most layer of the Earth. There is Continental Crust which sits on top of Oceanic Crust. This layer is made frequently from granite rocks and is solid. Continental Crust is approximately 32km. Below the Continental Crust is Oceanic Crust. It is about 8km. This part of the Crust is made from basalt rocks. The Crust is most of lithosphere and is the coolest layer by far.…
2.To which layer of the earth can you compare the skin of the boiled egg?…
Core: At the centre is the densest of the three layers, the core. The core is a spherical mass, composed largely on metallic iron, with lesser amount of nickel and other elements.…
<center><b>What is the evidence for our knowledge of the internal structure of the Earth?</b></center><br><br>As we enter the twenty first century we are beginning to learn more and more about the composition of the Earth. Early predictions have thrown up some rather strange and peculiar thoughts as to what is making up our Earth, but now day¡¦s scientists can be confident that the Earth is made up of what they think. As from experiments and other sources of information a picture to what is really down there is becoming much clearer.<br><br>So how do these scientists know that the Earth¡¦s sections are made up of different compositions, and how do we know that the physical state of each layer is what it is?<br><br>The outmost layer of the Earth is the crust, this is what we stand on and covers the earth entirely. It is made up of many different rocks and minerals, we know that the composition of the Earth¡¦s crust is generally the same due to the mines and boreholes that humans have made down into it. Mines that have been dug go down and still bring up valuable minerals that can be found just as close to the Earth¡¦s surface. The deepest goes down around 3km into the earth, and the temperature is 70¢XC, the only way for miners to work is because of the air conditioning, and still the type of rock looks the same all around. Also boreholes that have been drilled as far as half way into the Earth¡¦s crust bring up rocks that look very similar to the ones on the surface. So scientists can safely say that the Earth has a crust which is very similar in composition all the way down until the mantle is reached.<br><br>When earthquakes happen they produce two types of waves P-waves and S-waves. Primary waves (p-waves) are the fastest waves, they travel away from a seismic event. Primary waves are longitudinal, they can travel through solids, liquids and gases. The secondary waves (s-waves) travel slower than the primary waves, and are traverse waves. This type of wave can…
a. The major sections of the earth based on chemical composition are the crust, mantle and the core.…
The Earth's layered structure. (1) inner core; (2) outer core; (3) lower mantle; (4) upper mantle; (5) lithosphere; (6) crus.…
1 forces produce mountains? Why is our daily weather so variable? Is climate really changing? How…