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Save Animals
J Agric Environ Ethics (2008) 21:579–596
DOI 10.1007/s10806-008-9110-0

Vegetarian Meat: Could Technology Save Animals and Satisfy Meat Eaters?
Patrick D. Hopkins Æ Austin Dacey

Accepted: 24 June 2008 / Published online: 11 July 2008
Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008

Abstract Between people who unabashedly support eating meat and those who adopt moral vegetarianism, lie a number of people who are uncomfortably carnivorous and vaguely wish they could be vegetarians. Opposing animal suffering in principle, they can ignore it in practice, relying on the visual disconnect between supermarket meat and slaughterhouse practices not to trigger their moral emotions. But what if we could have the best of both worlds in reality—eat meat and not harm animals? The nascent biotechnology of tissue culture, originally researched for medical applications, holds out just such a promise. Meat could be grown in vitro without killing animals. In fact, this technology may not just be an intriguing option, but might be our moral obligation to develop. Keywords Animal suffering Á Animal welfare Á Artificial meat Á Biotechnology Á
Carniculture Á Cultured meat Á Food production Á In vitro meat Á Moral vegetarianism Á
Tissue culture

The Problem of Eating Meat and Caring for Animals
Modern American society loves to watch television cooking shows—the creativity, the sensuousness, the clever techniques. But chances are, if a lamb were dragged in and killed at the beginning of the program, most of the viewers would find themselves less interested in the lamb chop recipes. They would be too horrified or disgusted to enjoy the rest of the

P. D. Hopkins (&)
Department of Philosophy, Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Jackson,
MS 39210, USA e-mail: hopkipd@millsaps.edu
A. Dacey
Center for Inquiry, 80 Broad Street, Fifth Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA e-mail: adacey@centerforinquiry.net

123

580

P. D. Hopkins, A. Dacey

program.1 And yet, if the lamb’s flesh is brought in



References: Aldhous, P. (2006). Print me a heart and a set of arteries. New Scientist, 15 April, 19. Benjaminson, M. A., Gilchriest, J. A., & Lorenz, M. (2002). In vitro edible muscle protein production system (MPPS): Stage 1, fish Bourdain, A. (2001). A Cook’s tour: In search of the perfect meal. New York: Bloomsbury. Britt, R. R. (2002). Food of the future: Fish flesh grown without the fish. Space.com. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/generalscience/fish_food_020329.html. Dayal, G. (2005). Brave new hamburger. Village Voice, August 2. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.villagevoice.com/arts/0531,education4,66451,12.html. Edelman, P. D., McFarland, D. C., Mironov, V. A., & Matheny, J. G. (2005). Commentary: In vitro-cultured meat production FuturePundit. (2003). Home steak incubator to make self-cannibalism possible. FuturePundit.com. Hawthorne, M. (2005). From fiction to fork. Satya. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.satyamag. Hukill, T. (2006). Would you eat lab-grown meat? Alternet. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www. Kass, L. (1997). The wisdom of repugnance. The New Republic, 2 June, 17–26. Kolata, G. (2006). Cloning may lead to healthier pork. New York Times, March 27. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/27/health/27pig.html?ex=1168318800&en=55706ef70a33c702&ei=5070. McIlroy, A. (2006). Will consumers have a beef with test-tube meat? GlobeAndMail.com. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20060327.MEAT27/TPStory/?query=meat+ Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T., Forgacs, G., & Markwald, R. (2003). Organ printing: Computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering Mullins, J. (2006). The stuff of beams. New Scientist, 13 May, 44–47. OE Magazine. (2005). Scotland becomes leading light in biophotonics. In OE Magazine: The SPIE Magazine of Photonics Technologies and Applications, 27 December. Retrieved January 5 2007 from http://www.oemagazine.com/newscast/2005/122705_newscast01.html. Peterson, D. (2006). The catalyst online: The Medical University of South Carolina. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.musc.edu/catalyst/archive/2006/co1-20invitro.html. Photonics.com. (2006). Cell-by-cell treatments based on optical tweezing. Photonics.com. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www.Photonics.com/content/news/2006/August/16/83915.aspx. Rachels, J. (2004). The basic argument for vegetarianism. In S. F. Sapontzis (Ed.), Food for thought: The debate over eating meat Regis, E. (1995). Nano: The emerging science of nanotechnology. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Ruhlman, M. (2001). The soul of a chef: The journey toward perfection. New York: Penguin Books. Saletan, W. (2006). The conscience of a carnivore: It’s time to stop killing meat and start growing it. Slate Magazine Sample, I. (2002). Fish fillets grow in tank. New Scientist. Retrieved May 13 2008 from http://www. Sandel, M. J. (2007). The case against perfection: Ethics in the age of genetic engineering. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Vegetarian Resource Group. (2003). How many vegetarians are there? A 2003 national Harris Interactive survey question sponsored by The Vegetarian Resource Group

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