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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
IIT-JEE Chemistry Siddhivinayaka Educational Academy Rajendra Nagar Chowk Link Road Bilaspur Ph-07752- 237799/238799
Website : www.bajpaigroup.com. e-mail - info@bajpaigroup.com
CHAPTER
23 LEARNINg OBJECTIvES
(i) Name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures.
(ii) Describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo. (iii) Correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions.
(iv) Use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism.
(v) Describe common polyhalogen compounds.
INTRODUCTION
The replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in a hydrocarbon, aliphatic or aromatic, by halogen atom(s) results in the formation of alkyl halide (haloalkane) and aryl halide (haloarene), respectively. Many halogen containing organic compounds occur in nature and some of these are clinically useful. These classes of compounds find wide applications in industry as well as in day-to-day life. They are used as solvents for relatively non-polar compounds and as starting materials for the synthesis of wide range of organic compounds. Chlorine containing antibiotic, chloramphenicol, produced by soil microorganisms is very effective for the treatment of typhoid fever.
The compounds containing more than one halogen atoms are commonly called as polyhaloalkanes, or polyhaloarenes depending upon the hydrocarbon residue in the molecule. Haloalkanes and haloarenes are important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry due to, (i) the greater ease with which these derivatives can be prepared. (ii) their high reactivity.
CLASSIfICATION
The compounds formed by replacement of one or more Hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon molecule by corrersponding number of halogen atoms are called halogen derivatives or halides. Hydrocarbon Halogen
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
IIT-JEE Chemistry Siddhivinayaka Educational Academy Rajendra Nagar Chowk Link Road Bilaspur Ph-07752- 237799/238799
Website : www.bajpaigroup.com. e-mail - info@bajpaigroup.com
CHAPTER
23 LEARNINg OBJECTIvES
(i) Name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures.
(ii) Describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo. (iii) Correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions.
(iv) Use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism.
(v) Describe common polyhalogen compounds.
INTRODUCTION
The replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in a hydrocarbon, aliphatic or aromatic, by halogen atom(s) results in the formation of alkyl halide (haloalkane) and aryl halide (haloarene), respectively. Many halogen containing organic compounds occur in nature and some of these are clinically useful. These classes of compounds find wide applications in industry as well as in day-to-day life. They are used as solvents for relatively non-polar compounds and as starting materials for the synthesis of wide range of organic compounds. Chlorine containing antibiotic, chloramphenicol, produced by soil microorganisms is very effective for the treatment of typhoid fever.
The compounds containing more than one halogen atoms are commonly called as polyhaloalkanes, or polyhaloarenes depending upon the hydrocarbon residue in the molecule. Haloalkanes and haloarenes are important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry due to, (i) the greater ease with which these derivatives can be prepared. (ii) their high reactivity.
CLASSIfICATION
The compounds formed by replacement of one or more Hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon molecule by corrersponding number of halogen atoms are called halogen derivatives or halides. Hydrocarbon Halogen