There are two components to the CBT family; Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy was developed by psychiatrist, Dr. Albert Ellis. REBT takes a comprehensive approach to psychological treatment that deals with the emotional and behavioral aspects of human disturbance, but with emphasis on the cognitive component (Gomathy & Singh, 2007). Ellis believed that psychological problems originate from misperceptions and mistaken cognitions about what was perceived. Additionally, problems also occur from emotional under reactions or over reactions to normal and unusual stimuli; and from habitual dysfunctional behavior patterns which enabled them to keep repeating non-adjustive responses…
1. Recurrent episodes of sudden excessive charges of electrical activity in the brain, whether from known or idiopathic causes, is termed: Seizure disorder…
Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as ECT, is a type of psychiatric shock therapy. ECT involves the induction of a seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain. In the 1930s, Ugo Cerletti, the Italian psychiatrist, came up with the idea for treating human beings with Electroconvulsive therapy. He was observing the barbaric act of slaughterhouse hogs being electrocuted into unconsciousness so that it was easier for workers to slit their throats. He then thought that it could also apply to human beings as a treatment for mental illnesses. ECT may be used in people with symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or suicidal thoughts. Doctors found this method of psychiatric therapy especially useful when other treatments such as psychotherapy and antidepressant medications had not worked. It has also become useful for the treatment of other psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.…
electroshock therapy a form of shock therapy in which electric current is applied to the brain.…
Drug therapy is the main treatment for mental disorders and is based on the assumption that chemical imbalance is at the root of the problem. One type of drug is anti-anxiety drugs (e.g., minor tranquillizers called BZs such as Valium. These have a calming effect by inhibiting the nervous system and causing muscles to relax. BZs work by enhancing the action of the chemical messenger GABA, which acts to calm brain activity. Another type of drug is anti-depressant drugs (e.g. MAOIs, TCAs and SSRIs. These improve mood by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. For example, MAOIs block the action of an enzyme that breaks down serotonin, so increasing its availability in the nervous system. The last type of drug is anti-psychotic drugs (e.g. major tranquillizers such as the phenothiazines). These sedate and alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, of the person suffering from psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. They seem to work by blocking the D2 receptor for dopamine. Another type of therapy is ECT (Electro-convulsive therapy). This is when a patient lies on a bed, in loose clothes, and receives an anaesthetic and muscle relaxant before treatment. ECT involves passing a current (70-130 volts) through the brain for approximately half a second. This is done by fixing electrodes to the patient’s temples. This is now mainly used to treat people with severe depression and treatments are given typically two or three times a week for three r four weeks. Over 11,000 patients in England and Wales were given ECT in 1999 (Johnstone 2003) and two thirds of these patients were women.…
ECT is a valid form of treatment for severe mental illnesses. ECT is considered after all traditional methods had failed ( Arkowitz & Lilienfeld). To qualify for ECT treatment, patients must have a serious mental illness and can not have any physical illness (Davis). Electroshock therapy is not a fast way to get results. It takes multiple ECT sessions to see large improvements. But, ECT has lessened the effects of illnesses like BD and schizophrenia. The pluses adjust the sensitivity of the neurotransmitters in the brain and creates new paths in the brain ( Arkowitz & Lilienfeld).…
There are other treatments for the bipolar disorder, and it is electroconvulsive therapy and there is pharmacotherapy. Some patients they cannot do the electroconvulsive…
Throughout the centuries, different methods and techniques have been developed to help enhance the quality of therapy for people who suffer from different types of behaviours. Many theories about how and what therapy is and most effective techniques have been sought out and applied. All have different techniques with yet the same goal, which is to find a cure and treat the individual’s issue. Through the years therapists have found one to be more effective than the other, and some therapies have been modified of enhanced to better treat a patient.…
The content of the journal was focused on the medications used to treat various anxiety disorders, why they work the way they do (what part of the brain they target), and the methods the medications are used under(e.g. RCT).…
Common requests for hypnotherapy treatment are those related to stress, anxiety, habits and phobias. An understanding of the relationship between these disorders, examining the similarities and the differences between each, provides the therapist with information useful in deciding how and if to treat these disorders. It could also be argued that the uniqueness of each client and each set of symptoms demands the therapist to review each case on a one to one basis and not to blur the boundaries between each of these types of disorders, which may in turn result in a less effective form of treatment being provided. Each of these disorders is discussed below, along with mention of any similarities and differences, as well as the considerations that need to be made in the treatment of these disorders.…
Intervention and Reflections: Basic Issues in Medical Ethics. Eighth Eddition. Munson, Ronald. Thomson Wadsworth 2004.…
James Stutt, an electrical engineer, worked at Tone Vale from 1931 to 1977, and devised an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) machine with a control on it similar to the dial on a telephone.[9]…
The word, Epilepsy, originates from the ancient Greek word “epilepsia", meaning seizure. Since the dawn of time, epilepsy has affected millions of people, from beggars to kings (Devinsky, 2002). It’s one of the oldest conditions of the human race with a rich and distinguished history. The earliest references to epilepsy dates back to the first millennium B.C. in Mesopotamia, where epileptic auras, generalized convulsions and other aspects of what these ancient people called “the falling sickness” were thought to be caused by demons possessing the person (Devinsky, 2002). In ancient Egypt, epilepsy was considered a sacred disease that a god had entered the person. From around the 9th century, particularly in German and English-speaking regions, Christians considered Saint Valentine (SV) to be a significant patron saint of the ‘‘falling sickness” (Masia et al, 1999, p27). From the 15th century to the present day, Christian art has portrayed people with epilepsy as attributes in illustrations of Saint Valentine (Masia et al, 1999, p27). According to the Epilepsy Foundation of America (2006), in many countries legislation reflects years of misunderstanding about epilepsy for example: in both China and India, epilepsy is commonly viewed as a reason for prohibiting or annulling marriages; in the United Kingdom, a law forbidding people with epilepsy to marry was repealed in 1970; in the United…
During this essay we will discuss these conditions, the relationship between them, and how we can treat through hypnotherapy, whilst taken into account any ethical considerations.…
[Thesis Statement] Today I would like to inform you about the nature of panic attacks, the people affected most often by them, and the options for treatment.…