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Semelhanças E Diferenças Entre Scp E Porter

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Semelhanças E Diferenças Entre Scp E Porter
De acordo com Barney (1986) o modelo das organizações industriais foi inicialmente desenvolvido com o objetivo de auxiliar os responsáveis pelas políticas governamentais na análise das atividades dos diversos setores econômicos e na formulação dessas políticas. Dois acadêmicos - Bain e Mason - foram os pioneiros nessa tarefa e os primeiros a relacionar as características estruturais da indústria com o desempenho das firmas. Essa relação ficou conhecida como o paradigma SCP (Structure - Conduct - Performance), ou seja, a conduta (estratégia) e o desempenho (performance) das firmas seguem diretamente os atributos estruturais da indústria.
Trabalhando em cima dos pontos de vista do modelo SCP Porter construiu, como já comentei em análise anterior, o que Mintzberg (2001) chamou de pontes intelectuais entre os campos da política administrativa e as organizações industriais. Barney (1986) faz um interessante sumário das características do modelo de organizações industriais, colocando Bain e Mason como teóricos no campo da Microeconomia e Porter como teórico no campo da Estratégia.
A partir das características da estrutura da indústria constantes do modelo SCP, conforme se vê em Scherer e Ross (1990, Cap. I), Porter elabora a estrutura das forças que definem a postura básica de concorrência em uma indústria, configurando em 5 forças básicas aquilo que o modelo SCP chamou de condições básicas da estrutura de mercado. Utilizando o mesmo referencial teórico, Porter todavia faz o que Barney (1986) chamou de virar de cabeça para baixo os objetivos originais de política econômica, pois o centro da atenção passa a ser a empresa, ou seja, não se trata mais de estudar a indústria para reduzir o retorno das empresas para um nível competitivo, mas sim de estudar a indústria para saber como uma empresa pode aumentar sua rentabilidade construindo defesas contra as forças competitivas ou encontrando posições na indústria onde as forças são mais fracas.

2. Discussão do caso

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