Seminar-Report-on- Optical Fiber Communications
Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7
1.0 Introduction 8
2.0 History of Optical Fiber 9
3.0 Construction of Optical Fiber 12
4.0 Guiding Mechanism in Optical Fiber 13
5.0 Basic Components of OFC 15
5.1 Transmitter 15
5.2 Fiber 15
5.3 Receiver 15
5.4 Process 16
6.0 Principle of optical transmission 16
6.1 Refractive Index 16
6.2 Snell’s Law 17
6.3 Critical Angle 17
6.4 Total Internal Reflection 18
6.5 Acceptance Cone 19
6.6 Numerical Aperture 21
7.0 Advantage of optical fiber communication 23
7.1 Advantage of optical fiber communication 26
8.0 Dispersion 28
8.1 | Material | 29 | 8.2 | Mode | 29 | 8.3 | Waveguide | 29 | 9.0 Attenuation 30
9.1 Absorption loss 31
9.2 Light Scattering 32
9.3 Bending loss 33
10.0 Fiber 34
10.1 Multi Mode 34
10.2 Single Index 35
11.0 Optical Resources 36
11.1 LED 36
11.2 LASER 38
12.0 Optical Detectors 41
12.1 Photo Detectors 41
12.2 Photo Diodes 42
13.0 Limitations of Optical Fiber Technology 45
14.0 Application 45
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Acknowledgements
First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my teachers who has supported me throughout my report, with his patience and knowledge. I attribute the level of my bachelor degree to his encouragement and effort and without him this report, too would not have been completed or written. One simply could not wish for a better or friendlier .
The authors also wish to thank the other faculty members , for their valuable suggestions and directions.
I am also indebted to the many countless contributors to the Internet, online optical fiber community, PDF file editors, Microsoft office for providing the numerous documents and tools I have used to produce both my report, data and figure.
Department of Electronics and Communications has provided the support I have needed to produce and complete my seminar report.
I also thanks for my batch mates for providing constant
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7
1.0 Introduction 8
2.0 History of Optical Fiber 9
3.0 Construction of Optical Fiber 12
4.0 Guiding Mechanism in Optical Fiber 13
5.0 Basic Components of OFC 15
5.1 Transmitter 15
5.2 Fiber 15
5.3 Receiver 15
5.4 Process 16
6.0 Principle of optical transmission 16
6.1 Refractive Index 16
6.2 Snell’s Law 17
6.3 Critical Angle 17
6.4 Total Internal Reflection 18
6.5 Acceptance Cone 19
6.6 Numerical Aperture 21
7.0 Advantage of optical fiber communication 23
7.1 Advantage of optical fiber communication 26
8.0 Dispersion 28
8.1 | Material | 29 | 8.2 | Mode | 29 | 8.3 | Waveguide | 29 | 9.0 Attenuation 30
9.1 Absorption loss 31
9.2 Light Scattering 32
9.3 Bending loss 33
10.0 Fiber 34
10.1 Multi Mode 34
10.2 Single Index 35
11.0 Optical Resources 36
11.1 LED 36
11.2 LASER 38
12.0 Optical Detectors 41
12.1 Photo Detectors 41
12.2 Photo Diodes 42
13.0 Limitations of Optical Fiber Technology 45
14.0 Application 45
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Acknowledgements
First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my teachers who has supported me throughout my report, with his patience and knowledge. I attribute the level of my bachelor degree to his encouragement and effort and without him this report, too would not have been completed or written. One simply could not wish for a better or friendlier .
The authors also wish to thank the other faculty members , for their valuable suggestions and directions.
I am also indebted to the many countless contributors to the Internet, online optical fiber community, PDF file editors, Microsoft office for providing the numerous documents and tools I have used to produce both my report, data and figure.
Department of Electronics and Communications has provided the support I have needed to produce and complete my seminar report.
I also thanks for my batch mates for providing constant
References: - * From paper written by Harry J. R. Dutton for International Technical Support Organization titled as Understanding Optical Communications by IBM. * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber * http://www.fiber-optics.info/articles/wdm.htm * http://www.arcelect.com/fibercable.htm * From paper Optical fiber communication—An overview by M ARUMUGAM (Department of Physics), Anna University. * An educational resource published by Communications Specialties, Inc.paper titled Introduction to Fiber Optics