Sensors
Sensors
Content: 1. Introduction……………………………………..3 2. Sensor types………………………………….....4 3. Temperature sensors…………………………....6 4. Thermistors…………………………………..…6 5. Thermocouple…………………………………..7 6. Pressure sensors………………………………...8 7. Level sensors………………………………..…..9 8. Electromagnetic sensor……………………..…..9 9. Differential pressure sensors…………………..10 10. Classification of measurement errors………….11 11. List of used literature…………………………..12
2
Introduction
A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards. Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. There are also innumerable applications for sensors of which most people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and robotics. There are many different designs of sensors that are commercially available for monitoring and controlling industrial processes. Technological advances have enabled the development of sensors with microscopic precision. They use MEMS technology and are called Micro sensors.
3
Sensor Types
The sensors are a of type converters (transducers). They convert one physical quantity into another. Therefore, they can be classified according to the type of energy that is transferred. -
Thermal Temperature sensors: thermometer, thermostat, bimetal thermometer Thermal sensors: calorimeter, flow sensor
Electromagnet Resistance sensors: ohmmeter, multimeter Electrical sensors:
Content: 1. Introduction……………………………………..3 2. Sensor types………………………………….....4 3. Temperature sensors…………………………....6 4. Thermistors…………………………………..…6 5. Thermocouple…………………………………..7 6. Pressure sensors………………………………...8 7. Level sensors………………………………..…..9 8. Electromagnetic sensor……………………..…..9 9. Differential pressure sensors…………………..10 10. Classification of measurement errors………….11 11. List of used literature…………………………..12
2
Introduction
A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards. Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. There are also innumerable applications for sensors of which most people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and robotics. There are many different designs of sensors that are commercially available for monitoring and controlling industrial processes. Technological advances have enabled the development of sensors with microscopic precision. They use MEMS technology and are called Micro sensors.
3
Sensor Types
The sensors are a of type converters (transducers). They convert one physical quantity into another. Therefore, they can be classified according to the type of energy that is transferred. -
Thermal Temperature sensors: thermometer, thermostat, bimetal thermometer Thermal sensors: calorimeter, flow sensor
Electromagnet Resistance sensors: ohmmeter, multimeter Electrical sensors: