Separation Of Mixture Lab
Separation Lab
Purpose: This lab was based on the separation of the components of a mixture. A mixture can be defined as a physical combination of two or more pure substances. Separation techniques are used to separate components that are not chemically combined. All of these techniques involve changes in the physical state of a chemical compound rather than chemical changes. Sea sand, table salt, and two other unknown substances will be separated using the separation techniques in order to demonstrate the properties of mixtures and their ability to be separated by physical means. If we use the 5 methods of separation, then we should be able to separate are mixture into 4 components.
Procedure: To start off, obtain a sample of the heterogeneous …show more content…
mixture, 3 beakers (100ml, 250ml, 600ml), a 100ml graduated cylinder, a funnel, 500ml Erlenmeyer flask, a stirring rod, a few weighting dishes, and a sheet of filter paper.
Pour the mixture into a weighting dish and weight the contents first using an electronic balance. Measure out 100ml of water into a graduated cylinder and pour into a 250ml beaker. Now take the weighting dish with the mixture and carefully pour into the 100ml of water. With a stirring rod stir the substance for roughly 30 seconds. Place a sheet of filter paper inside the funnel and place the funnel on top of the Erlenmeyer flask. Pour the beaker with the combination of water and mixture slowly into the funnel until all water is filtered through; leaving only the solid components behind. The remaining solids should now be poured into a beaker, and added with 50ml of water measured with graduated cylinder. With a stirring rod, stir the solution until the red and black solids float to the top. With a scoopula, scoop out the red and black solids into a weighting dish. Meanwhile set aside in a safe area the flask with the filtered salt water and cover. Pour out the water and red solids onto filter paper leaving the sand at the bottom of the beaker. With a spatula, scrap out the sand into a weight dish and set aside to dry. Now grab a hot plate and the flask with the salt water. After …show more content…
turning on the hot plate transfer the salt water into a 600ml beaker. Allow to heat up and cautiously drop a magnetic stirrer into the solution to keep the liquid from boiling. Keeping a close on the salt water, allow it to evaporate but not all the way, the salt may burn. When very low, turn off the hot plate and, with tongs, grab the flask and set it aside for the water to further evaporate. Now back to the to the weighting dish with red and black solids, hand separate with tweezers the red from the black into separate weighting dishes. Now the mixture should be separated into four substances, salt, sand, red solid, black solid. Weigh each component on the electric scale and record data.
Material/Equipment: Funnel Filter Paper, Beakers (100ml, 250ml, and 600ml), Stirring Rods, Electronic Balance, Graduated Cylinders (50ml, 200ml), Weighting Dishes, Scoopula, Hot Plate, Tongs, Erlenmeyer flask, Spatula, Magnetic stirrer and rod, and Water.
Data Table:
Chemicals
Mass (g)
NaCl (Table Salt)
22.24g
SiO2 (Sea Sand)
1.28g
Red substance
.84g
Black substance
.4g
Results: After obtaining a sample of mixture, and equipment needed we poured the mixture into a weighting dish and weighed the contents using an electronic balance; the mass came out to be 12.38 grams. After adding water to the mixture and stirring it the red and black solids floated to the top leaving the sea sand behind at the bottom. Also the salt dissolved within the water at this point. Now using the filtration process we filtered all the saltwater through into a flask. The remaining solids were poured into a beaker, and added with 50ml of water measured with graduated cylinder. With a stirring rod, we stirred the solution until the red and black solids float to the top and with a scoopula, scooped out the red and black solids into a weighting dish. Meanwhile we set aside the flask with the filtered salt water and covered it. We hand separated the red and black solids at this point and weighed them separating. Red coming out to be .84 grams and the black to be .4 grams. After leaving the sand to dry us weight it and it came to a total of 1.28 grams. After the evaporation process we were left with only salt which weighed 22.24 grams.
Calculations:
% Composition of NaCl = (22.24/12.38)x100 = 179.6%
% Composition of SiO2 = (1.28/12.38)x100 = 10.3%
% Composition of red solid = (.84/12.38)x100 = 6.8%
% Composition of black solid = (.4/12.38)x100 = 3%
Source of Error: Throughout the experiment, are biggest challenge was recovering the material that had not transferred properly. When stirring the solutions around with a stirring rod, some of the contents from the mixture stuck to the rod or spill out of the container. Also showed in our data table, the weight of the salt in immensely different than the rest. We assumed the salt absorbed water and was not fully dry when we weighed it.
Conclusion/Discussion questions: This lab dealt with the separation of components of a mixture.
The purpose of the lab is to become familiar with the methods of separating substances from one another using decantation, extraction, and sublimation techniques. Mixtures occur in everyday life in materials that are not uniform in composition. During this lab we used a heterogeneous mixture. The physical elements of the substance gave it away Filtration is the process of separating a solid from a liquid by means of a porous substance-a filter-which allows the liquid to pass through but not the solid. . We used this method to separate salt water from the rest of the solids. It was also realized that NaCl is water soluble, while SiO2 is not water soluble. Since the SiO2 is not water soluble, is would remain after the water with NaCl was decanted. Also we took advantage of the fact that the red solid was less dense than water so that it floats. We couldn’t calculate the actual percent because we did not know the mass of each component in the mixture beforehand. The percent recovery for this experiment was low. There were sources of error that affected the amount of substance that could be recovered. During heating, some of the salt water splashed out of the beaker. However, the substance that fell onto the tabletop was not recoverable. Another source of error is the decanting process. Since this process is subject to human error at every point, it is likely that an error occurred
during the process, such as pouring excess water from the original dish into another dish, causing some of the substance in the first dish to enter the second or fall out. However, this is not necessarily a source of lack in masses, as decanting is a separating process. Separation processes do not affect total mass, but rather individual masses. The individual masses could have been changed by errors in decanting, but not the overall mass. An obstacle we faced throughout the entire experiment was when taking out the stirring rod the components would stick to the rod or fall out of the glassware.
Purpose: This lab was based on the separation of the components of a mixture. A mixture can be defined as a physical combination of two or more pure substances. Separation techniques are used to separate components that are not chemically combined. All of these techniques involve changes in the physical state of a chemical compound rather than chemical changes. Sea sand, table salt, and two other unknown substances will be separated using the separation techniques in order to demonstrate the properties of mixtures and their ability to be separated by physical means. If we use the 5 methods of separation, then we should be able to separate are mixture into 4 components.
Procedure: To start off, obtain a sample of the heterogeneous …show more content…
mixture, 3 beakers (100ml, 250ml, 600ml), a 100ml graduated cylinder, a funnel, 500ml Erlenmeyer flask, a stirring rod, a few weighting dishes, and a sheet of filter paper.
Pour the mixture into a weighting dish and weight the contents first using an electronic balance. Measure out 100ml of water into a graduated cylinder and pour into a 250ml beaker. Now take the weighting dish with the mixture and carefully pour into the 100ml of water. With a stirring rod stir the substance for roughly 30 seconds. Place a sheet of filter paper inside the funnel and place the funnel on top of the Erlenmeyer flask. Pour the beaker with the combination of water and mixture slowly into the funnel until all water is filtered through; leaving only the solid components behind. The remaining solids should now be poured into a beaker, and added with 50ml of water measured with graduated cylinder. With a stirring rod, stir the solution until the red and black solids float to the top. With a scoopula, scoop out the red and black solids into a weighting dish. Meanwhile set aside in a safe area the flask with the filtered salt water and cover. Pour out the water and red solids onto filter paper leaving the sand at the bottom of the beaker. With a spatula, scrap out the sand into a weight dish and set aside to dry. Now grab a hot plate and the flask with the salt water. After …show more content…
turning on the hot plate transfer the salt water into a 600ml beaker. Allow to heat up and cautiously drop a magnetic stirrer into the solution to keep the liquid from boiling. Keeping a close on the salt water, allow it to evaporate but not all the way, the salt may burn. When very low, turn off the hot plate and, with tongs, grab the flask and set it aside for the water to further evaporate. Now back to the to the weighting dish with red and black solids, hand separate with tweezers the red from the black into separate weighting dishes. Now the mixture should be separated into four substances, salt, sand, red solid, black solid. Weigh each component on the electric scale and record data.
Material/Equipment: Funnel Filter Paper, Beakers (100ml, 250ml, and 600ml), Stirring Rods, Electronic Balance, Graduated Cylinders (50ml, 200ml), Weighting Dishes, Scoopula, Hot Plate, Tongs, Erlenmeyer flask, Spatula, Magnetic stirrer and rod, and Water.
Data Table:
Chemicals
Mass (g)
NaCl (Table Salt)
22.24g
SiO2 (Sea Sand)
1.28g
Red substance
.84g
Black substance
.4g
Results: After obtaining a sample of mixture, and equipment needed we poured the mixture into a weighting dish and weighed the contents using an electronic balance; the mass came out to be 12.38 grams. After adding water to the mixture and stirring it the red and black solids floated to the top leaving the sea sand behind at the bottom. Also the salt dissolved within the water at this point. Now using the filtration process we filtered all the saltwater through into a flask. The remaining solids were poured into a beaker, and added with 50ml of water measured with graduated cylinder. With a stirring rod, we stirred the solution until the red and black solids float to the top and with a scoopula, scooped out the red and black solids into a weighting dish. Meanwhile we set aside the flask with the filtered salt water and covered it. We hand separated the red and black solids at this point and weighed them separating. Red coming out to be .84 grams and the black to be .4 grams. After leaving the sand to dry us weight it and it came to a total of 1.28 grams. After the evaporation process we were left with only salt which weighed 22.24 grams.
Calculations:
% Composition of NaCl = (22.24/12.38)x100 = 179.6%
% Composition of SiO2 = (1.28/12.38)x100 = 10.3%
% Composition of red solid = (.84/12.38)x100 = 6.8%
% Composition of black solid = (.4/12.38)x100 = 3%
Source of Error: Throughout the experiment, are biggest challenge was recovering the material that had not transferred properly. When stirring the solutions around with a stirring rod, some of the contents from the mixture stuck to the rod or spill out of the container. Also showed in our data table, the weight of the salt in immensely different than the rest. We assumed the salt absorbed water and was not fully dry when we weighed it.
Conclusion/Discussion questions: This lab dealt with the separation of components of a mixture.
The purpose of the lab is to become familiar with the methods of separating substances from one another using decantation, extraction, and sublimation techniques. Mixtures occur in everyday life in materials that are not uniform in composition. During this lab we used a heterogeneous mixture. The physical elements of the substance gave it away Filtration is the process of separating a solid from a liquid by means of a porous substance-a filter-which allows the liquid to pass through but not the solid. . We used this method to separate salt water from the rest of the solids. It was also realized that NaCl is water soluble, while SiO2 is not water soluble. Since the SiO2 is not water soluble, is would remain after the water with NaCl was decanted. Also we took advantage of the fact that the red solid was less dense than water so that it floats. We couldn’t calculate the actual percent because we did not know the mass of each component in the mixture beforehand. The percent recovery for this experiment was low. There were sources of error that affected the amount of substance that could be recovered. During heating, some of the salt water splashed out of the beaker. However, the substance that fell onto the tabletop was not recoverable. Another source of error is the decanting process. Since this process is subject to human error at every point, it is likely that an error occurred
during the process, such as pouring excess water from the original dish into another dish, causing some of the substance in the first dish to enter the second or fall out. However, this is not necessarily a source of lack in masses, as decanting is a separating process. Separation processes do not affect total mass, but rather individual masses. The individual masses could have been changed by errors in decanting, but not the overall mass. An obstacle we faced throughout the entire experiment was when taking out the stirring rod the components would stick to the rod or fall out of the glassware.