Septimus Death

War is hell. There is no other human event in which there is bloodshed even comparable to that of war. Murder, mass graves, raping, razing, looting and torture are all gears in the war machine. Unfortunately, soldiers are the engine. Soldiers who have morals, families and consciences. A soldier is trained to take orders, to obey without thought. The soldiers mind and soul, on the other hand, are not so well equipped to deal with the horrors of military combat. Even after the soldier has fired his last bullet, put away his gun and returned home, he may still be at war in his head. Shell shock is the name of the disease which is known to have stricken a plethora of WWI veterans. In Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, the character Septimus suffers
from shell shock and it leads to his eventual suicide, as the treatments of the time were clearly inadequate. Woolf's characters accurately demonstrate the institution's insufficient treatment of shell shock victims in the early 1900's.

It has been estimated that, upon returning from WWI, one in seven soldiers suffered from shell shock.
80,000 young men suffered from a range of symptoms, everything from tics to neuroses to full blown schizophrenia. Certain soldiers who had stabbed their adversaries in say, the leg, would get leg cramps. Others would relive the scenes of their murders whenever they would close their eyes. Sometimes a feeling of numbness would accompany returning home from the war. Veterans would seem distant from friends, family and they sometimes came to resent the very society they had killed to protect. Others would turn the resentment inwards, and feel intense guilt for having survived the war, while so many others suffered and died.
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The symptoms of shell shock are physically subtle, but immensely powerful mentally. This led to doctors misdiagnosing shell shock when it first became a common ailment. Physical damage to nerves, cowardice and careless recruiting procedures were all cited as possible causes for the disease. Little sympathy was given to the soldiers, and sometimes the treatments could be better described as punishments. Doctors who felt that soldiers were being cowardly and inventing these symptoms would discipline them, often by embarrassing them in front of comrades or sending them back to fight. When soldiers would complain that a specific part of their body was affected, local electric shock treatment was common. Another theory was that the soldiers were having a reaction to an intense dislike (combat.) In this case, a psychologist would determine the likes and dislikes of a patient and then they would expose them to as many of these dislikes as possible. Supposedly this would desensitize them to what they didn't like and cure them.

Needless to say, these methods were neither efficient nor effective.
In Mrs. Dalloway, Septimus plays the role of the misunderstood soldier, while his doctors, Holmes and Bradshaw are the ignorant professionals. Septimus is a misunderstood victim. He also suffers from vivid hallucinations and flashbacks of his friend Evans who was blown up in a battle. He feels alone and numb, thinking that human nature and society are punishing him for his crimes against humanity. When Septimus seeks help, he goes to Holmes, his general practitioner. Holmes quickly dismisses Septimus' claims and says that nothing is wrong with him. This angers Septimus, and makes him feel as though Holmes is his karma, a way for human nature to punish him. Holmes is an unaware, stereotypical general practitioner, symbolizing society's abandon towards shell shock victims. He refers Septimus to a psychologist, named Bradshaw. Bradshaw, who is slightly better than Holmes, is still a far cry from an ideal doctor. He sees Septimus' trauma as a lack of proportion. Demonstrating that era's backwards medical treatments, Bradshaw recommends separating Septimus from his wife, Lucrezia, and isolating him in a mental institution in the country side. His justification for this is that Septimus has had a mental breakdown. Septimus needs support and understanding to work through his problems, and Woolf depicts the healthcare professionals as inadequate, irresponsible and uncaring. The doctors see a man complaining, not
a man suffering. This leads to Septimus losing all faith and killing himself.

It's ironic that Septimus is, in a way, killed by the very system he was so ready to kill for. The way army officers, physicians and psychologists treated shell shock victims in the years following WWI is appalling. Their treatments would be classified as punishments by today's standards. Discipline, isolation and abandonment are not in any way a cure for mental illness. Woolf demonstrates this very accurately and explicitly, with her characters almost stereotypical in their roles, while being incredibly real and true people at the same time. Her portrayal of the suffering which over 80,000 humans endured is gripping and serves as an excellent argument against war. In war, the only winners are those who don't fight. For those that do, war is hell.