Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The Impact of STD’s on Youth 15-24
Faith Stephens
SEEP 2016
Augusta University
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), over 20 million new cases Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are diagnosed each year. Youth, ages 15-19, and young adults, ages 20-24, account for half of all new STD infections. Reasons for this high rate of infection by youth and young adults include the following: young people do not get the recommended test; are hesitant to talk to adults, including parents and doctors, about sex; they do not have insurance and they have multiple partners. In addition, young women’s bodies are more susceptible to STDs
STDs are defined by the Centers for Disease Control as diseases that are passed from one person …show more content…
to another through sexual contact. Many STD can be transmitted even though the person does not symptoms. The most common sexually transmitted diseases are chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, Syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus. Of these commons diseases, two, syphilis and gonorrhea, are identified by law in Georgia as being contagious and dangerous to public health.
Chlamydia is bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and requires the biochemical mechanism of another cell in order to reproduce. Males and females can have the infection without showing symptoms. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) symptoms in men are “similar to the symptoms of gonorrhea and may include burning feeling during urination, discharge from the penis or rectum, tenderness or pain in the testicles, rectal discharge or pain. Symptoms in women include burning feeling during urination, painful sexual intercourse. Rectal pain or discharge, symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), inflammation of the fallopian tubes or liver inflammation similar to hepatitis, vaginal discharge or bleeding after intercourse.” Results for test to diagnose chlamydia come back in two days. People who are infected are usually prescribed antibiotics and must return to the doctor within four weeks for a follow up to see if the infection has been cured. Both partners must be treated so that the infection does not return.
Gonorrhea, also known as the clap, is a sexually transmitted disease that infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract and is the second most commonly reported communicable disease.
Gonorrhea has many of the same symptoms as Chlamydia and the two are often diagnosed together. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. You can get gonorrhea through contact with the mouth, vagina, penis, or anus. You can also get it in the eye. Symptoms usually appear in 2 to 5 days but can take up to a month. According to the NIH, “symptoms in men include: burning and pain while urinating; need to urinate urgently or more often; discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green in color); red or swollen opening of penis (urethra); tender or swollen testicles and sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis) . Symptoms in women can be very mild. They can be mistaken for another type of infection. They include: burning and pain while urinating; sore throat; painful sexual intercourse; severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area); fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area). If the infection spreads to the bloodstream, symptoms include: fever, rash, arthritis-like symptoms, abnormal vaginal discharge with greenish, yellow or foul smelling discharge.” DNA tests are used to detect gonorrhea and both partners must be treated. Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics. Infected people are given an antibiotic shot and then prescribed antibiotic pills. Severe cases require that antibiotics are given through an IV in the hospital. Women who are pregnant risk passing the infection on to their baby during
childbirth.
Genital Herpes is an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. There are two types of herpes simplex virus. HSV 1 generally causes cold sores but can also cause genital herpes. HSV 2 generally causes genital herpes but can also cause affect the mouth, eye, skin and other parts of the body. Herpes is spread through direct contact. Symptoms of herpes are called outbreaks. Some people have no symptoms. Others get sores at the point of contact, the mouth, genital or anus. The sores turn into blisters before they heal. They are often itchy and painful and people who are infected have several outbreaks a year. Herpes is diagnosed by collecting a sample from the sores. There is no cure for herpes. Medicine can be taken to ease the symptoms and decrease the outbreaks. The herpes virus can be spread from a mother to a baby during childbirth.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name for a virus that causes warts and that can sometimes lead to cervical cancer. There are more than 100 types of HPV and one third of these are sexually transmitted. Most types of HPV are harmless. Some types of HPV, low risk, can lead to genital warts. Other types, high risk HPV, can lead to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina and anus in women. In men, high risk HPV can lead to cancer of the penis or anus. Early screening is important. Pap tests and HPV test can be used to detect changes before they lead to cancer. Vaccines can also be used to protect against HPV. HPV is very common among young people.
Syphilis is a STD that is caused by bacteria. It affects the genitals, lips, mouth and anus. Symptoms of syphilis include sores, swelling in lymph nodes and skin rashes. Syphilis can cause death. Many people do not notice the symptoms and the symptoms can go away and come back. The disease can be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth causing birth defects. The mother could also lose the baby because of the disease. Syphilis is easy to cure with antibiotics, which is why the Tuskegee study was so awful. In 1932, the U.S. government Public Health Service and Tuskegee Institute in Alabama began studying syphilis to try and justify a treatment program for blacks. The study involved men who had syphilis and men who did not have the disease. None of the men consented to be a part of the study. The men were told that they were being treated for “bad blood” and received free exams, meals and burial insurance for participating. They did not receive medical care, even though penicillin was used to treat the disease in whites since 1947. The study lasted for 40 years. In 1972 the study ended after a newspaper story started an investigation. In 1974, a $10 million out of court settlement was reached and the participants, theirs wives, widows and children were given lifetime medical benefits and burial insurance. The CDC was appointed to oversee the benefit program Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s natural defense
System. It weakens the immune system by destroying cells that fight infection and disease.
There is no cure but it can be controlled and treated with medication. HIV is believed to have
Started in a chimpanzee in Africa. The humans hunted the chimpanzees for meat and came in contact with their infected blood. The virus spread across Africa, other parts of the world and the U.S. The only way to know for sure whether you have HIV is to get tested. Symptoms are similar to the flu and include fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or mouth ulcers. Testing is important, especially for youth. Many youth who tested positive are not aware that they had been infected.
Sexuality transmitted diseases affect the lower income population as well the wealthy. In 2008, there were an estimated 110 million prevalent STIs among women and men in the U.S. Of these, more than 20% (22.1 million) were among women and men aged 15 to 24 years. People ages 15 -24
(Insert chart - STDs rates youth ages 15-24)
Research shows that the higher rates of infection relate to conditions in a person’s environment. These conditions are known as social determinants of health and they can have an impact the spread of STDs. Determinants of health include biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral and social factors. Scientists generally recognize five determinants of health of a population: genes and biology, including sex and age; health behaviors, including alcohol and drug use, unprotected sex and other risk factors; social environment, including discrimination, income and gender; physical environment, including where a person lives and crowding conditions; health services, including access to quality health care or not having or not having insurance.
(Insert determinants of health data)
STDs have an emotional and economic cost on the individual and on society.
(Will discuss the cost/impact)
Solutions proposed to reduce STDs transmission rates include prevention programs, especially Middle School programs, risk reduction programs and increased treatment.
(Will discuss prevention and treatment programs)
Conclusion
Faith Stephens
SEEP 2016
Augusta University
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), over 20 million new cases Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are diagnosed each year. Youth, ages 15-19, and young adults, ages 20-24, account for half of all new STD infections. Reasons for this high rate of infection by youth and young adults include the following: young people do not get the recommended test; are hesitant to talk to adults, including parents and doctors, about sex; they do not have insurance and they have multiple partners. In addition, young women’s bodies are more susceptible to STDs
STDs are defined by the Centers for Disease Control as diseases that are passed from one person …show more content…
to another through sexual contact. Many STD can be transmitted even though the person does not symptoms. The most common sexually transmitted diseases are chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, Syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus. Of these commons diseases, two, syphilis and gonorrhea, are identified by law in Georgia as being contagious and dangerous to public health.
Chlamydia is bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and requires the biochemical mechanism of another cell in order to reproduce. Males and females can have the infection without showing symptoms. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) symptoms in men are “similar to the symptoms of gonorrhea and may include burning feeling during urination, discharge from the penis or rectum, tenderness or pain in the testicles, rectal discharge or pain. Symptoms in women include burning feeling during urination, painful sexual intercourse. Rectal pain or discharge, symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), inflammation of the fallopian tubes or liver inflammation similar to hepatitis, vaginal discharge or bleeding after intercourse.” Results for test to diagnose chlamydia come back in two days. People who are infected are usually prescribed antibiotics and must return to the doctor within four weeks for a follow up to see if the infection has been cured. Both partners must be treated so that the infection does not return.
Gonorrhea, also known as the clap, is a sexually transmitted disease that infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract and is the second most commonly reported communicable disease.
Gonorrhea has many of the same symptoms as Chlamydia and the two are often diagnosed together. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. You can get gonorrhea through contact with the mouth, vagina, penis, or anus. You can also get it in the eye. Symptoms usually appear in 2 to 5 days but can take up to a month. According to the NIH, “symptoms in men include: burning and pain while urinating; need to urinate urgently or more often; discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green in color); red or swollen opening of penis (urethra); tender or swollen testicles and sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis) . Symptoms in women can be very mild. They can be mistaken for another type of infection. They include: burning and pain while urinating; sore throat; painful sexual intercourse; severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area); fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area). If the infection spreads to the bloodstream, symptoms include: fever, rash, arthritis-like symptoms, abnormal vaginal discharge with greenish, yellow or foul smelling discharge.” DNA tests are used to detect gonorrhea and both partners must be treated. Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics. Infected people are given an antibiotic shot and then prescribed antibiotic pills. Severe cases require that antibiotics are given through an IV in the hospital. Women who are pregnant risk passing the infection on to their baby during
childbirth.
Genital Herpes is an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. There are two types of herpes simplex virus. HSV 1 generally causes cold sores but can also cause genital herpes. HSV 2 generally causes genital herpes but can also cause affect the mouth, eye, skin and other parts of the body. Herpes is spread through direct contact. Symptoms of herpes are called outbreaks. Some people have no symptoms. Others get sores at the point of contact, the mouth, genital or anus. The sores turn into blisters before they heal. They are often itchy and painful and people who are infected have several outbreaks a year. Herpes is diagnosed by collecting a sample from the sores. There is no cure for herpes. Medicine can be taken to ease the symptoms and decrease the outbreaks. The herpes virus can be spread from a mother to a baby during childbirth.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name for a virus that causes warts and that can sometimes lead to cervical cancer. There are more than 100 types of HPV and one third of these are sexually transmitted. Most types of HPV are harmless. Some types of HPV, low risk, can lead to genital warts. Other types, high risk HPV, can lead to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina and anus in women. In men, high risk HPV can lead to cancer of the penis or anus. Early screening is important. Pap tests and HPV test can be used to detect changes before they lead to cancer. Vaccines can also be used to protect against HPV. HPV is very common among young people.
Syphilis is a STD that is caused by bacteria. It affects the genitals, lips, mouth and anus. Symptoms of syphilis include sores, swelling in lymph nodes and skin rashes. Syphilis can cause death. Many people do not notice the symptoms and the symptoms can go away and come back. The disease can be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth causing birth defects. The mother could also lose the baby because of the disease. Syphilis is easy to cure with antibiotics, which is why the Tuskegee study was so awful. In 1932, the U.S. government Public Health Service and Tuskegee Institute in Alabama began studying syphilis to try and justify a treatment program for blacks. The study involved men who had syphilis and men who did not have the disease. None of the men consented to be a part of the study. The men were told that they were being treated for “bad blood” and received free exams, meals and burial insurance for participating. They did not receive medical care, even though penicillin was used to treat the disease in whites since 1947. The study lasted for 40 years. In 1972 the study ended after a newspaper story started an investigation. In 1974, a $10 million out of court settlement was reached and the participants, theirs wives, widows and children were given lifetime medical benefits and burial insurance. The CDC was appointed to oversee the benefit program Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s natural defense
System. It weakens the immune system by destroying cells that fight infection and disease.
There is no cure but it can be controlled and treated with medication. HIV is believed to have
Started in a chimpanzee in Africa. The humans hunted the chimpanzees for meat and came in contact with their infected blood. The virus spread across Africa, other parts of the world and the U.S. The only way to know for sure whether you have HIV is to get tested. Symptoms are similar to the flu and include fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or mouth ulcers. Testing is important, especially for youth. Many youth who tested positive are not aware that they had been infected.
Sexuality transmitted diseases affect the lower income population as well the wealthy. In 2008, there were an estimated 110 million prevalent STIs among women and men in the U.S. Of these, more than 20% (22.1 million) were among women and men aged 15 to 24 years. People ages 15 -24
(Insert chart - STDs rates youth ages 15-24)
Research shows that the higher rates of infection relate to conditions in a person’s environment. These conditions are known as social determinants of health and they can have an impact the spread of STDs. Determinants of health include biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral and social factors. Scientists generally recognize five determinants of health of a population: genes and biology, including sex and age; health behaviors, including alcohol and drug use, unprotected sex and other risk factors; social environment, including discrimination, income and gender; physical environment, including where a person lives and crowding conditions; health services, including access to quality health care or not having or not having insurance.
(Insert determinants of health data)
STDs have an emotional and economic cost on the individual and on society.
(Will discuss the cost/impact)
Solutions proposed to reduce STDs transmission rates include prevention programs, especially Middle School programs, risk reduction programs and increased treatment.
(Will discuss prevention and treatment programs)
Conclusion