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C H A P T E R

Learning Objectives
➣ Preference for Electricity
➣ Comparison of Sources of
Power
➣ Sources for Generation of
Electricity
➣ Brief Aspects of Electrical
Energy Systems
➣ Utility and Consumers
➣ Why is the Three-phase a.c.
System Most Popular?
➣ Cost of Generation
➣ Staggering of Loads during peak-demand Hours
➣ Classifications of Power
Transmission
➣ Selecting A.C. Transmission
Voltage for a Particular
Case
➣ Conventional Sources of
Electrical Energy
➣ Steam Power Stations
(Coal-fired)
➣ Nuclear Power Stations
➣ Advantages of Nuclear
Generation
➣ Disadvantages
➣ Hydroelectric Generation
➣ Non-Conventional Energy
Sources
➣ Photo Voltaic Cells (P.V.
Cells or SOLAR Cells)
➣ Fuel Cells
➣ Principle of Operation
➣ Chemical Process (with
Acidic Electrolyte)
➣ Schematic Diagram
➣ Array for Large outputs
➣ High Lights
➣ Wind Power
➣ Background
➣ Basic Scheme
➣ Indian Scenario

24

INTRODUCTION
TO ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
GENERATION

Electricity is generated at power plants and transmitted to different substrations from where it will be distributed to individual customers

856

Electrical Technology

24.1. Preference for Electricity
Energy is vital for all living-beings on earth. Modern life-style has further increased its importance, since a faster life means faster transport, faster communication, and faster manufacturing processes. All these lead to an increase in energy required for all those modern systems.
Arising out of comparison of status of nations, the progress is related in terms of per capita consumption of electrical energy (i.e. kWH consumed per person per year). At present, this parameter for India is about 300, for UK it is 12 to 15 times more, and for USA, it is about 30 times more.
It simply means that Electrical energy is the most popular form of energy, whether we require it in the usable thermal form (= heating applications), in mechanical form (= electrical motorapplications