Shcolars Should Be Representative
Saward (2006) have argued that shcolars should deem representative as a the “claims to be representative” by different actors, rather than an achievement, or outcome through election. The traditional views of representation, focusing more on whether the elctoral mechanism can induce the responsiveness and accountability of the representatives, such a mandate-independence and delegate–trustee frame, assumed there was a fixed and knowable set of unterests for the represented, which would limit the discussion and innovation of representative.
As for the representative claim proposed by Seward (2006), there are two element in representation, 1)the represented can choose representatives; 2) the representatives can choose their constituents by …show more content…
The representative claims would not exist until the people acknowledge them and are able to accpet them. There are three potential effects of a representative claim: 1)audience-creation, 2)reading-back, 3)silencing. Most of the claim makers are trying to persuade audiences to accpet their claims in a certain way, in order to avoid the ‘reading-back’ of their audience. However, audience can always reinterpret the claims, hence there is no representative claim that cannot be contested by the audiences. As for the silencing effect, claims can also silence the people, and hence becoming the weapons of elites minorities who own the access to institutions of claim-making, which is the dark side of representative …show more content…
Representative claims need to be creative, ratehr than a passive pocess of receiving signals from others, such as political figures and parties. And the claims are also cultural, it is about shairng the code that stablize the meaning within the context of various languages and cultures.
Furthermore, Saward (2006) also focused further on the constitution of subject. First, it makes the identity to the subject, since politicans claims to be able to read off the consituency. Second, as for the constituing consituency, the constituencies have to be created first, such as the grouping people by creating the claims, it is also called as “the making of representation”. But under such circumstance, it may also indue the dark side, such as usurpatory ventriloquism, which means due to the representatives, people emphasize on group interest but fails to recognize their own
As for the representative claim proposed by Seward (2006), there are two element in representation, 1)the represented can choose representatives; 2) the representatives can choose their constituents by …show more content…
The representative claims would not exist until the people acknowledge them and are able to accpet them. There are three potential effects of a representative claim: 1)audience-creation, 2)reading-back, 3)silencing. Most of the claim makers are trying to persuade audiences to accpet their claims in a certain way, in order to avoid the ‘reading-back’ of their audience. However, audience can always reinterpret the claims, hence there is no representative claim that cannot be contested by the audiences. As for the silencing effect, claims can also silence the people, and hence becoming the weapons of elites minorities who own the access to institutions of claim-making, which is the dark side of representative …show more content…
Representative claims need to be creative, ratehr than a passive pocess of receiving signals from others, such as political figures and parties. And the claims are also cultural, it is about shairng the code that stablize the meaning within the context of various languages and cultures.
Furthermore, Saward (2006) also focused further on the constitution of subject. First, it makes the identity to the subject, since politicans claims to be able to read off the consituency. Second, as for the constituing consituency, the constituencies have to be created first, such as the grouping people by creating the claims, it is also called as “the making of representation”. But under such circumstance, it may also indue the dark side, such as usurpatory ventriloquism, which means due to the representatives, people emphasize on group interest but fails to recognize their own