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what are the different types of power sharing?Power sharing can take many forms in modern democracies. Infact there is not a single formula for sharing power but a broad range of political opinions to settle the disputes and differences among various sections of the society. The most common arrangements for power sharing in modern democracies are –
(i) Power is shared among different organs of the government, such as legislature, executive and judiciary. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited powers. As no particular organ enjoys unlimited powers in its area, it acts as in-built checks and balances in the system. This type of arrangement is also called horizontal distribution of power, since all the organs are at the same level of exercise different powers. e.g., power sharing in India.
(ii) Power is shared among governments at different levels i.e., general government for the entire country and various regional or state governments. Its aim is to reconcile national unity, interests and power with States’. rights and interests. This is called federal division of power and the divisions relating to higher and lower levels of the government are called vertical division of power, e.g., Indian constitution establishes a dual polity in which the powers are divided between the Centre, i.e., Union and the State governments.
(iii) Power is shared among different social groups which can be based on religious or linguistic lines, e.g., community government in Belgium, where all the major communities get power relating to their social matters.
(iv) Power is shared among various political parties. The multi-party system provides enough options for the voters to choose from and also keeps the ruling party under pressure so that they perform better. Sometimes several parties join together to prove their majority and thus, form a coalition government, e.g., the multi-party system in India where there are national and regional parties
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