Nick Carraway is the primary voice in chapter 5 of Fitzgerald’s 20th century tragedy. This means that all opinions and points of view are portrayed through Carraway’s first person, retrospective and fallible narration. Carraway is presented as fallible in this chapter, as the gaps in the narrative reveals Nick as a fallible narrator. He states that ‘I don’t know whether or not Gatsby went to Coney island’ yet he speculates what Wilson is thinking at the end of Chapter 8 exposing his narration to be fallible as it shows that a lot of the narrative could be speculative and therefore unreliable. Nick also speculates at the end of the chapter, ‘there must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams’, however due to the sense desperation that starts to oose out of Gatsby as he states with ‘automatic quality’ that he and Daisy had been apart for ‘5 months next November’, we know this to be untrue proving Carraway’s speculation to be liable.…
When comparing Hobbes,’ Sandel’s and Machiavelli’s viewpoints regarding which of Aristotle’s three main categories of knowledge is the most significant for establishing good political systems or making good political decisions, one must consider what each theorists considers to be a good political system and create a link between the two. The most important category of knowledge for establishing and making good political systems for Aristotle is practical knowledge, the purpose of politics is to produce good, virtuous citizens, the law promotes just actions, purpose of legislators is to establish good laws. The most important category of knowledge for Hobbes is scientific knowledge, the absolute sovereign represents the commonwealth of its citizens, the absolute sovereign must uphold their self preservation, and all laws…
Tadadaho is similar to European beliefs of Satan because he controls all the evil, rebelled against the other side and both have spirits watching us civilians on Earth. Tadadaho was a person of great powers. He could control the evil in the world and cause all bad things to happen. Tadadaho feeds off of violence and bloodshed, he loves wars. In many ways Tadadaho is similar to Satan. For one example, Tadadaho attacks the tribes without doing much work, he is battling with his powers. Tadadaho harmed the tribesmen when he fired arrows out of nowhere at them. He also put harm on their village by killing the leader`s one daughter and destroying the town. Satan is similar because he…
The understanding of human nature and the effects it has on the individual and society has been a serious topic in the philosophical world. Nicolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes were well known for their crucial roles in forming the foundation of political philosophy. While reading through Machiavelli’s The Prince and Hobbes’ Leviathan, both introduced a common focus on political theory even though living approximately 100 years apart. While learning about these two philosophers and their proposed theories, I noticed an innate relationship in the discussion of society’s human nature. Machiavelli ([1532] 2006) in The Prince theorizes the qualities that a dominant leader should have to gain and maintain power.…
In Baron de Montesquieu’s work “The Spirit of the Laws” he states that when common people adopt good maximums they adhere to them more steadily. This is a process of thinking for the Enlightenment movement because it is using reason to see what would be the most effective form of government. This Enlightenment movement became increasingly popular in the mid 18th century because many people felt that reason should be used in creating and running the government. This resulted in people looking to the Bible for guidance, which tied to the Great Awakening movement, and also gave birth to republican ideals.Republican ideals were a product of people using critial thinking in the Englightnement movement to solve pressing problems that society faced.…
Combining natural-law doctrines with the theory of royal absolutism, fourteenth century philosopher Bartolus of Sassoferrato believed that the ruler should not be bound to the laws of the government, but still should obey them whenever possible. In agreement with Bartolus, another fourteenth century philosopher, Lucas de Penna advocated that the ruler is only accountable to divine authority, being responsible to God alone, not the people. Further de Penna believed that law is the articulation of the ethical virtue of justice and reason is the foundation for that law. Thereby debasing the importance of the king's obedience to established law.…
However, humanist beliefs are, individuals must grow into maturity—intellectually and morally—through their own participation in the life of the state. This prospect of humanism is a way of living and thinking that aims to reveal the best in a person’s life. Humanist rejects all supernatural authoritarian beliefs, and accepts as true what a person must take responsibility for in their lives, community, and the world. The humanist life stance emphasizes rational and scientific inquiry, individual freedom, responsibility, and the need for tolerance and cooperation. Although Machiavelli presents a humanist perspective in “The Prince” an approach that emphasizes empathy and accentuates the good in humans, his beliefs are people has much to offer to the well-being of the state. He also illustrates how blemishes of strength and deception may be necessities in many forms of government, as well as the possibility of success and accomplishments by the party that’s in…
The Enlightenment was a period in Europe in which intellect and individualism were valued and focused on more than the traditional ideals and beliefs. At the tail end of the scientific revolution there was an emphasis on reason, tolerance, and progress. Now, there was a new emphasis on these ideas and even the churches’ authority was questioned. One thinker during this time was the English philosopher John Locke, who offered new ways to construct a constitutional government. He believed that a contract between rulers and ruled was created by the work and creativity of man rather than being gifted from divine beings.…
The question was always: Who shall make the law, and what shall the law be? The other question, how law should be administered with enlightenment, with equity, with speed, and without friction, was put aside as practical detail to be determined by clerks after the “doctors” determined the detail.…
Aquinas's political and legal theory is important for three reasons. First, it reasserts the value of politics by drawing on Aristotle to argue that politics and political life are morally positive activities that are in accordance with the intention of God for man. Second, it combines traditional hierarchical and feudal views of the structure of society and politics with emerging community-oriented and incipiently egalitarian views of the proper ordering of society. Third, it develops an integrated and logically coherent theory of natural law that continues to be an important source of legal, political, and moral norms.…
3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.…
The Enlightenment is well known to be an important cultural and intellectual movement that revolutionized the lifestyle of several European and Euro-American people during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It brought changes on the scientific, economic, and religious field. However, the field that resulted mainly affected by the Enlightenment was the political realm. Many important European philosophers like Thomas Paine started to dispute monarchical power arguing that laying total authority over the hands of a king was “an imposition to posterity” (Document 41, page 187). Moreover, philosophers like Marquis de Condorcet emphasized the fact that everyone regardless of their social standing deserved to be treated equally before law (Document 35, page 163). These new political ideals of Enlightenment were spread through treatises, poems, hymns and even republican dramas that also reached and impacted Euro-American people. As a result of these flows of political ideas, European and Euro-American societies started to develop new concepts on their understanding of sovereignty that was based on the notion that authority does not rely only on kings and that their authority derives from the consent of the common people.…
"According to Beccaria and Jeremy Bantham, and English philospther, human nature is characterized by three central features: 1) People are not bound by original sin but have freedom of choice; 2) people are rational and are capable of using reason to govern their lives; and 3) people are motivated to pursue their own self-interests at the expense of others." (Empey pg. 113) They believed that people are reasonable and free and due to this in a democratic society people would refrain from crime and preserve the social order.…
As previously discussed from our lectures, Plato's idea of justice was concerned with an internal equality between the members of the classes present within the polis. This focused more on individualism in that one must only be concerned with his/her business and not minding other's problems. The justice that occurs in their society depends on the class to whom one belongs. However, Aristotle, his student, was more for all-encompassing justice aiming for the ultimate goal of the constitution.…
The problem about justice has been found present throughout history, in this way, Aristotle himself and tried to define it, dividing it into the so-called Private Law, or law of the polis, and the Common Law, that which is present in nature. The main doctrines define justice, as the set of rules and regulations that can regulate conduct between individuals, on the permissiveness avalación, prohibition and restriction of certain behaviors or actions on human actions or institutions, however, is from the science of law, which is quite complex to achieve a single definition on this concept, since it depends on many factors and in addition, there are as many definitions as authors, because justice is due to a particular context, where there are experiences, circumstances and situations quite different.…