In David M. Armstrong’s “The Nature of Mind”, Armstrong praises the field of science and seeks to put the concept of mind into terms that agree with science’s definition of minds. His interest is in the physico-chemical, materialist view of man. Armstrong considers science to be the authority over other disciplines because of its reliability and result in consensus over disputed questions.…
(Paul F. Ballantyne, Ph.D. 2008. History and Theory of Psychology: An early 21st century student 's perspective. [Online]. Available: http://www.igs.net/~pballan/section1(210).htm [11 March 2014])…
References: Passer M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E. & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.…
Titchener mentioned very early in this article of the three points of view on how to conduct these experiments which are that “we may enquire into the structure of an organism, without regard to function, -by analysis determining its component parts, and by synthesis exhibiting the mode of its formation from the parts. Or we may enquire into the function of the various structures which our analysis has revealed, and into the manner of their interrelation as functional organs. Or again, we may enquire into the changes of form and function that accompany the persistence of the organism in time, the phenomena of growth and of decay” (Titchener, 1898). It became apparent that his main focus was to discover the elements that are in the mind, their quantity, but not for the reason of their existence. The goal is to distinguish the structure of psychology or structural psychology, the function or the descriptive details of functional psychology, ontogenetic psychology, taxonomic psychology, social psychology and phylogenetic psychology with the useful help of biological considerations.…
Psychology 101 Review Outline Chapter 1: Introduction I. Basic Definitions (pg 3-5): A. Psychology - The scientific study of behavior and mental processes B. Theory - A general principle proposed to explain facts are related C. Hypothesis - A testable prediction about conditions under which particular behaviors or mental processes work D. Replication - Repetition of a study to verify research findings E. Goals of Psychology - To describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior/mental processes F. Basic (new knowledge) vs. applied (practical problems) research II. History and Types of Psychology (pg 6-13): A. Wilhelm Wundt: father of psychology, established 1st psychological lab in Leipzig in 1879, developed…
Blood chemistry panel, including CPK (creatinine phosphokinase, which is higher in the blood when muscle is destroyed during a bout of the illness)…
Today, Wilhelm Wundt is known as “the father of psychology.” He is duly credited with this title, for in 1879, he was the first person to create the first psychological laboratory dedicated to the experimentation of psychology. Wundt was attempting to measure the “atoms of the mind,” which was the fastest and simplest mental processes by using a machine to measure the time lag between a person hearing a ball hit a platform and their pressing of a telegraph key. As a result, this lab was established, and the psychological laboratory in the University of Leipzig was recognized and headed by Wundt and soon thereafter became a learning center for all those interested in psychology. It was at around this time that he established his famous theory of introspection. Introspection could also be called self- observation and this method made people look inward and retell the different experiences they had when they did different things like smelling or tasting something. Though sensations are technically outside the mind, they were considered psychological. This was used to find the mind’s structural elements by both Wundt and his student Edward Titchener. The studies he and his students had also done were on perception and sensation along with studies on vision and reaction time. Wundt taught many other students as well, passing on his knowledge of psychology and he also published 53,000 pages worth of psychology on various subjects including books like The Principles of Physiological Psychology and the ten volume Volkerpsychologie , the latter published when he became interested in cultural psychology when he realized that experimental psychology only covered the surface of psychology in general. These many accomplishments of Wundt only solidify his title of “the father of…
Ainsworth, M. (1989) cited in Passer, M. and Smith, R. (2006) Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. New York: McGraw Hill.…
Chapter One A. Understanding Psychology Directions: Answer each of the following questions in a brief paragraph. 1. “Psychology has a short past, but a long history.” What does that mean? 2. How did Wundt help to define psychology as a science of the mind? 3. Why did James think that sensation and perception alone couldn’t explain behaviour? 4. How did Freud’s ideas differ from previous approaches to psychology? 5. How did Watson’s approach to psychology differ from that of Freud? 6. How did Skinner expand behaviourism? 7. How did Gestalt psychologists influence the way we think about perception? 8. What aspects of life do humanistic psychologists stress?…
In the history of psychology, there are many debates about which psychologist, doctor, theorists or scientists’ theories were more important to the study. There are many contributors of great importance throughout history. Two contributors, Sigmund Feud and B. F. Skinner, two great minds, looked at many of the same issues in different styles.…
Watson, J. B. (1913) Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177. doi: 10.1037h0074428…
The three different psychologists discussed in this essay were alike and very different in multiple ways. Watson, Skinner and Tolman all practiced psychology with a behaviorist point of view, and were all thinking along the same lines when it came down to the fundamental reasons as to which we, as people, act and think the way we do. The only differences between them were the small details involved (Wikipedia, 2010).…
In the 21th century it is relatively easy to define psychology, however many forces has led to emergence of modern psychology. Much of the history of psychology has been characterized by heated debates about what constitutes the appropriate subject matter and methodologies for a science of mind and behavior. This ‘summary’ will be the period of history in which some of the critical groundwork for modern psychology has laid down.…
Bibliography: Passer, M. W. & R. E. Smith (2004). Psychology - The Science of Mind and Behaviour (2nd Edition): McGraw Hill.…
In the last few years our culture has dramatically changed. We have gone from kids playing outside all day till the streetlights turned on to now surfing the internet alone at home. We know that physical activity is important to our health. Physical education helps our children improve their knowledge on health and lead them to practices that will benefit their future wellbeing. Some schools do not require students to participate in physical education classes; they don’t seem to realize how important it is for kids to be physically active. The sudden rise in obesity in young children has become a great concern in America. Physical education should be required every year for all public school students.…