• Singapura or the Lion City had its Independence from Great Britain and joined with Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak to form the new Federation of Malaysia as the result of the 1962 Merger Referendum in August 31, 1963.
• It gained the independence as Republic on August 9, 1965 with Yusof bin Ishak as president and Lee Kuan Yew as Prime Minister.
• Singapore enjoyed a reputation for political stability----- the world's only ex-colony to have independence forced upon it.
• The Republic of Singapore is a sovereign republic, with Westminster System of unicameral parliamentary government.
• If we say Westminster System, it is a democratic parliamentary system of government modeled after the politics of the United Kingdom. It follows the characters of a sovereign or head of state who is the nominal or legal and constitutional holder of executive power; and holds numerous reserve powers, but whose daily duties mainly consist of performing ceremonial functions. A head of government (or head of the executive), known as the Prime Minister (PM), premier or first minister. While the head of the government is appointed by the head of state, the constitutional convention is that the person appointed must be supported by the majority of elected Members of Parliament.
• Singapore’s foreign policy is directed to maintaining a secure environment in Southeast Asia as well as the surrounding territories. An underlying principle is political and economic stability in the region.
• The nation’s military is arguably the most technologically advanced in Southeast Asia. The government spends 4.9% of the country’s GDP on the military and one out of every four dollars of government spending is spent on defense. A great deal of initial support came from Israel. Military courses were conducted according to the Israeli model. Singapore still maintains