Sino Soviet Split

Sino Soviet Split ( 1960)

- long term causes- its roots historical seeds of difference sowed since 1927.
- Causes :
-historical/long term cause a)historical development of revolution – development of workers ( Concept of communism was accepted and considered as an ideal approach, looking for a better working conditions, believed in the centralization of power,communism was set a mean to make ends meet, China was backward, the farmers saw communism as n alternative to monarchy system that they had. Communism in SU was embraced as an ideolody but in China it was seen as an alternative)bureaucracy, different levels of productive force, dominant role of peasantry,( in china, they had no clue, so the role of town workers and farmers in SU and China) different perspective to imperialism ( when communism was instilled in SU, Stalin etc was interested in bringing about a strong SU empire, so they felt that other countries should subordinate to theirs, because they feel they were the leader. SU fainancialy and militarily aided the countries to spread communism.China, believed strictly in sovreighnity, no interference in domestic policies. Mao received extremely limited aid, he spread it individually. Hence, China did not see why they should have to succumb to SU’s leadership. He refused to conform. * in the long march to the mountain, when he recruited and spread communism, the used the farmers, and the loyality was instilled thru how communism could help their socio economic problem. China has plenty of cheap labour. So Mao Zedong took into account all this factors.
-As a result of all the difference in ideology, dominant players, ways, what happen is that when Mao finally established communism in China, he felt independent, he did not feel obligated to SU. They did not respect SU as the supreme leader of communism as opposed to Eastern European countries.
- ideological – approach + practice difference ( policies headed off) , 2 different directions
- personality , challeges to USSR supreme leadership.

Communist Crises
1) Sino Soviet Split
2) Chinese Economic Reforms (1978)
-by 1980 china was already full on economic reform. Resulting in a major crises June 4th mass demonstration and Tienemman Square massacre
1) agriculture and farming –leasing land to the farming, in return a fixed quota, incentive to increase farming. Decentralizing party power. Province power increased to make decisions. Adoption of household responsibility system.
2) industry- as china began to reform, how are you going to measure economic efficiency? What measures were taken to modernize industry 1) gradual approach 2) pilot project Xi Chuan, starting with the smaller SOE, they were given autonomy. More than 6000 SOE’s were given power. All the state industrial, manufacturing and production of industrial products, they were also supposed to be financially independent. They were supposed to increase the production and quality of goods. It is up to the SOE to use it as a bonus to divide among the farmers.but the SOE failed, because of corruption, lack of training of skilled people, lack of enterprising managers.
3) open door policy
4)