Skeletal System Outline
The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue
1* Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life
2* Skeleton composed of many different tissues
3* Cartilage bone, tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose, and dense connective tissue
Functions of Bone
1* Supporting & protecting soft tissues
2* Attachment site for muscles making movement possible
3* Storage of the minerals, calcium& phosphate -- mineral homeostasis
4* Blood cell production occurs in red bone marrow (hemopoiesis)
5* Energy storage in yellow bone marrow
Anatomy of a Long Bone
4* Diaphysis = shaft
5* Epiphysis = one end of a long bone
6* Metaphysis = growth plate region
7* Articular cartilage = over joint surfaces acts as friction and shock absorber
8* Medullary cavity = marrow cavity
9* Endosteum = lining of marrow cavity
10* Periosteum = tough membrane covering bone but not the cartilage
1* fibrous layer = dense irregular CT
2* osteogenic layer = bone cells and blood vessels that nourish or help with repairs
Histology of Bone
11* A type of connective tissue as seen by widely spaced cells separated by matrix
12* 4 types of cells in bone tissue
Cell Types of Bone
13* Osteoprogenitor cells ---- undifferentiated cells
14* Can divide to replace themselves and can become osteoblasts
15* Found in inner layer of periosteum and endosteum
16* Osteoblasts— form matrix and collagen fibers but can’t divide (builds bones)
17* Osteocytes --- mature cells that no longer secrete matrix
18* Osteoclasts---- huge cells from fused monocytes (MBC)
19* Function in bone resorption at surfaces such as endosteum
Composition
6* 1/3 bone weight = organic framework of fibrous tissue and cells
1* Mainly collagen and polysaccharides
2* The polys mainly glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
7* 2/3 bone weight = inorganic Ca and P salts
3* 80% = calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite)
4* 20% = calcium carbonate and magnesium phosphate
Give the bone hardness and rigidity
Matrix
1* Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life
2* Skeleton composed of many different tissues
3* Cartilage bone, tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose, and dense connective tissue
Functions of Bone
1* Supporting & protecting soft tissues
2* Attachment site for muscles making movement possible
3* Storage of the minerals, calcium& phosphate -- mineral homeostasis
4* Blood cell production occurs in red bone marrow (hemopoiesis)
5* Energy storage in yellow bone marrow
Anatomy of a Long Bone
4* Diaphysis = shaft
5* Epiphysis = one end of a long bone
6* Metaphysis = growth plate region
7* Articular cartilage = over joint surfaces acts as friction and shock absorber
8* Medullary cavity = marrow cavity
9* Endosteum = lining of marrow cavity
10* Periosteum = tough membrane covering bone but not the cartilage
1* fibrous layer = dense irregular CT
2* osteogenic layer = bone cells and blood vessels that nourish or help with repairs
Histology of Bone
11* A type of connective tissue as seen by widely spaced cells separated by matrix
12* 4 types of cells in bone tissue
Cell Types of Bone
13* Osteoprogenitor cells ---- undifferentiated cells
14* Can divide to replace themselves and can become osteoblasts
15* Found in inner layer of periosteum and endosteum
16* Osteoblasts— form matrix and collagen fibers but can’t divide (builds bones)
17* Osteocytes --- mature cells that no longer secrete matrix
18* Osteoclasts---- huge cells from fused monocytes (MBC)
19* Function in bone resorption at surfaces such as endosteum
Composition
6* 1/3 bone weight = organic framework of fibrous tissue and cells
1* Mainly collagen and polysaccharides
2* The polys mainly glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
7* 2/3 bone weight = inorganic Ca and P salts
3* 80% = calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite)
4* 20% = calcium carbonate and magnesium phosphate
Give the bone hardness and rigidity
Matrix