Taxes and surcharge which apply to a ship and/or the cargo on board the ship once it has reached port. The rise in these charges may reduce the number of goods arriving at that port, or otherwise impact the price of doing business.
Types of port charges As shown in table 2-1, port charges are generally divided into three broad categories, general tariffs, facility tariffs and service tariffs, each of which are subdivided into a series of individual charges. (a) Conservancy and port dues It is common to establish a charge to recover the cost incurred in providing the facilities and services which are necessary to ensure the safe navigation of vessels within the area under the port's jurisdiction. It may include dredging, the provision of breakwaters, training walls, navigational aids and harbour surveillance facilities, but usually excludes the costs of providing pilot and tow services which are charged by separate tariffs. Conservancy is a port charge which is levied for the utilization of general nautical facilities in the approaches to the port (i.e., outside the port area), whereas port dues are levied for the services or utilization of facilities within the port, including channels, vessel traffic service, emergency fire services, breakwaters, pollution control and marine security. Port dues on ships are based on the type and size of the vessels. The charging units would be the carrying capacity of the vessel measured in gross registered tonnage (GRT), net registered tonnage (NRT) and deadweight tonnage (DWT) or some combination of length, beam and draft, and the unit of differentiation should be the type of the vessel. (b) Wharfage Wharfage is normally a cargo-related charge to recover the costs associated with the provision of the basic infrastructure and superstructure of the port to facilitate the movement of cargo from shipside to hinterland and vice versa. It includes