Preview

Smart Antenna Systems

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
20613 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Smart Antenna Systems
Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile Communications

FINAL REPORT

Ivica Stevanovi´, Anja Skrivervik and Juan R. Mosig c January 2003

Laboratoire d’Electromagn´tisme et d’Acoustique e Ecole Polytechnique F´d´rale de Lausanne e e CH-1015 Lausanne Suisse http://lemawww.epfl.ch/

ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE

Contents
1 Introduction 1.1 Evolution from Omnidirectional to Smart Antennas 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 4 5 5 8 8 10 14 17 17 19 20 21 23 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 28

Omnidirectional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directional Antennas and Sectorized Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diversity Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smart Antenna Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 Catalogue of definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative Benefits/Tradeoffs of Switched Beam and Adaptive Array Systems . . Smart Antenna Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 System Elements of a Smart Antenna 2.1 2.2 2.3 Smart Antenna Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smart Antenna Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fundamentals of Antenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 2.3.2 Theoretical model for an antenna array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Array geometry and element spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Channel Model 3.1 3.2 Mean Path Loss

Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 3.2.2 Slow fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fast fading . . . . . . .



Bibliography: [49] P. H. Lehne, O. Rostbakken, and M. Pettersen. Estimating Smart Antenna Performance from Directional Radio Channel Measurements. Proc. 50th IEEE Vehic. Tech. Conf. - VTC 99 - Fall, pages 57–61, September 1999. Amsterdam, Netherlands. [50] G. V. Tsoulos, M. A. Beach, and S. C. Swales. DS-CDMA Capacity Enhancement with Adaptive Antennas. Electronic Letters, 13(16):1319–20, August 1995. OFCOM Activity. Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile Communications

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Guidelines: It’s always best to introduce a paper to the reader. It sets the tone and provides an overview of what will be covered and what the goals are.…

    • 524 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Array gain is the average increase in the SNR at the receiver that arises from the coherent combining effect of multiple antennas at the receiver antenna or transmitter antenna or both. Basically, multiple antenna require perfect channel knowledge either at the transmitter or receiver or both to achieve good array gain.…

    • 674 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Lab 6 4

    • 386 Words
    • 2 Pages

    There are three main types of antennas that can be used for WLAN APs: directional, omnidirectional, and right-angle. Describe each of these antenna types. You can get more powerful antennas that can broadcast longer distances. Why would these antennas be limited in use for standard WLAN placement in a home?…

    • 386 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Omnidirectional antennas are installed on most WLANS with AP’s that have them. Omnidirectional antennas do just what they sound like, which is transmit data in all directions at the same time. The signal can go horizontally and vertically; and up and down. However, there can be a dead spot in a minute area directly above the antenna which has no signal. One common example of this type of antenna is the dipole antenna. It is referred to often as the rubber duck, because it is highly flexible. (Fitzgerald, 233)…

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Step 4: With the plastic syringe draw out the gases of the spongy mesophyll tissue and infiltrate the leaves with sodium bicarbonate solution and then pour the solution into the appropriate cup. By doing this it will cause the leaves to sink.…

    • 722 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Mafia Wars City Crew

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages

    | |air waves to reach any radios within range. Antennas were a major upgrade to radio range. |…

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    It 242 Week 8 Assignment

    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Microwave signals, Infrared Systems, Satellite Signals, and radio systems all have made strides in improving the signal speed and quality. Wireless signals have pros and cons that influence their commercial use and present day application. However, no matter the progress made with wireless signal frequencies they are always subject to interference from technologies limiting their effeteness.…

    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Antenna works as receiver. The receiver is a nearby loop of wire containing a second spark gap. Such a receiver loop, placed several meters from the transmitter, has its own effective inductance, capacitance, and natural frequency of oscillation. When transmitter creates electric signal using spark gap with it gains frequency. Sparks were induced across the gap of the receiving electrodes when the receiver’s frequency was adjusted to match that of the transmitter.…

    • 1154 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Early Colonization Goals

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages

    During the 15th century Spain, France, and England began exploring and colonizing a newly discovered area known as the New World. Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in 1492, which is when he was accredited with discovering the New World, even though it was already occupied by Native Americans. Once Spain began colonizing in this new area, France and England quickly followed to find economic prosperity and to expand their powerful empires. However, in some cases, the pursuit to prosperity was hindered by relationships forged with the Native Americans.…

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    (·)−1 is reserved for the matrix inverse and (·)H for Hermitian transposition. The estimated value of a variable a is…

    • 2012 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Microstrip patch antennas are increasing in popularity for their use in wireless applications due to their low-profile structure. Hence, they are extremely compatible for embedded antennas in handheld wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers etc. The telemetry and communication antennas on missiles need to be thin and conformal and are often micro strip patch antennas. Another area where they have been used successfully is in satellite communication.…

    • 353 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    block codes (OSTBC) is applied to source -destination, sourcerelay and relay-destination link to exploit the maximal diversity…

    • 3946 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    References: [1] R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, A. Ittipiboon, “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook”, ARTECH HOUSE, Boston 2001.[2] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design”, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC, New York 1997.[3] W. L. Stutzman , G. A. Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design” , John Wiley &Sons,2nd Edition ,New York, 1998.…

    • 452 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    ANSOFT’S HFSS USERS PRESENTATIONS 19th FEBRUARY, 2004 Los Angeles, CA; Crowne Plaza Hotel, LA International Airport TITLE ANTENNA AND MICROWAVE COMPONENTS DESIGN WITH ANSOFT’S HIGH FREQUENCY SIMULATOR VERSION 9.1 PRESENTED BY AMEDEO LARUSSI 1 Space and Airborne Systems Electronic Warfare Systems 6380 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93117-3114 2 EXAMPLE OF RAYTHEON EW PRODUCTS…

    • 1167 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Aapar

    • 4411 Words
    • 18 Pages

    References: • Design considerations for adaptive active phased array ‘multifunction’ radars, Electronics & Communication Engg. Journal, December 2001 Vol. 13 No. 6…

    • 4411 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics