Social
i want brief summary of chapter peasants and farmers
The Coming of Modern Agriculture in England
The countryside was open in large parts of England; each villager was allocated strips of land for cultivation at the beginning of each year.
All villagers had access to the common land where they pastured their cows, collected fuel wood and hunted.
Rich farmers were eager to improve their sheep breeds and ensure good feed for them by controlling large areas of land in compact blocks. They began dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings for separating it from that of the others.
They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons, and prevented the poor from entering the enclosed fields.
The British Parliament passed 4,000 Acts legalizing these enclosures.
New Demands for Grain
In the late eighteenth century, land was enclosed for grain production because ofvarious reasons:
The rapid expansion of the British population and urban migration increased the demand for food grains.
The prices of food grains increased in England owing to disrupted trade and the import of food grains from Europe, while France was at war with England.
The landowners enclosed their lands and enlarged the area under grain cultivation and pressurized the Parliament to pass the Enclosure Acts.
The Age of Enclosures
Grain production grew quickly.
The food-grain production increased because the landlords sliced up pasturelands,carved up open fields, cut up forest commons, took over marshes, and turned large areas into agricultural fields.
Enclosures became necessary for making long-term investments on land and plan crop rotation for improving the soil; and also allow the richer landowners to expand land under their control and produce more for the market.
Impact of Enclosures on the Poor
The poor no longer enjoyed access to the enclosed property of the landowners.
They were displaced from the land and
The Coming of Modern Agriculture in England
The countryside was open in large parts of England; each villager was allocated strips of land for cultivation at the beginning of each year.
All villagers had access to the common land where they pastured their cows, collected fuel wood and hunted.
Rich farmers were eager to improve their sheep breeds and ensure good feed for them by controlling large areas of land in compact blocks. They began dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings for separating it from that of the others.
They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons, and prevented the poor from entering the enclosed fields.
The British Parliament passed 4,000 Acts legalizing these enclosures.
New Demands for Grain
In the late eighteenth century, land was enclosed for grain production because ofvarious reasons:
The rapid expansion of the British population and urban migration increased the demand for food grains.
The prices of food grains increased in England owing to disrupted trade and the import of food grains from Europe, while France was at war with England.
The landowners enclosed their lands and enlarged the area under grain cultivation and pressurized the Parliament to pass the Enclosure Acts.
The Age of Enclosures
Grain production grew quickly.
The food-grain production increased because the landlords sliced up pasturelands,carved up open fields, cut up forest commons, took over marshes, and turned large areas into agricultural fields.
Enclosures became necessary for making long-term investments on land and plan crop rotation for improving the soil; and also allow the richer landowners to expand land under their control and produce more for the market.
Impact of Enclosures on the Poor
The poor no longer enjoyed access to the enclosed property of the landowners.
They were displaced from the land and