Social Bond/Self-Control And Deterrence Theory
Describe developments of social bond/self-control and deterrence theories. Please also summarize the key research and empirical evidence. Make sure that you include the key concepts, theorists and principles in each theory. Compare and contrast between the two theories. How these two theories are similar or different from each other when they explain crime and delinquency?
Social bond theory or sometimes referred to as social control theory developed by Travis Hirschi American Criminologist in the late 1960’s it is the belief that socialization and the forming of personal relationships are among the most significant aspects of human development that keep us from committing crimes or other acts of social deviance. Due to the bonds that people …show more content…
develop over time with family and friends they accept social norms and accepted that criminal acts have consequences such as exposure to the criminal justice system with a negative outcome (Cretacci, 2003).
Hirschi identified four elements of this theory in 1969, first one being attachment to include not only relationships but social and cultural standards, commitment or willingness to adhere to social expectations, involvement and common values/beliefs (Hirschi, Published on Feb 11, 2013). In 2004 Hirschi proposed a slightly revised definition of self-control and asserted that social and self-control are the same thing; redefining as the following self-control becomes the tendency to consider the full range of potential costs of a particular act. With the statement in 2004 by Hirschi, he equates all the elements of social bond with new concept of self-control and the bonds are now viewed as the true meaning of self-control. Empirical research failed to produce favorable evidence in social bonding theory; Hirschi collaborating with Gottfredson to propose the current self-control theory to offer explanation of all crimes and deviance under all circumstances but there are still unresolved issues in this theory related to tautology and the process of measurement to test theory. Although an early intervention program that applies principle of both theories has shown success in
preventing delinquency, substances abuse and misbehavior. During the research of this theory the relationship to law enforcement programs surfaced to include the DARE programs, GREAT programs and School Resource Officers. One of the goals and focuses for these programs is to deploy police officers into the schools for the purpose of creating a relationship/connection to the youth. Officers are charged with being a positive influencer, conscious guider and peaceful warrior for the communities of youth they serve every day, these programs try and reach these young persons and reinforce self-control and teach and or these young people to consider the full range of potential costs of a particular act before doing such acts.
Social bond theory or sometimes referred to as social control theory developed by Travis Hirschi American Criminologist in the late 1960’s it is the belief that socialization and the forming of personal relationships are among the most significant aspects of human development that keep us from committing crimes or other acts of social deviance. Due to the bonds that people …show more content…
develop over time with family and friends they accept social norms and accepted that criminal acts have consequences such as exposure to the criminal justice system with a negative outcome (Cretacci, 2003).
Hirschi identified four elements of this theory in 1969, first one being attachment to include not only relationships but social and cultural standards, commitment or willingness to adhere to social expectations, involvement and common values/beliefs (Hirschi, Published on Feb 11, 2013). In 2004 Hirschi proposed a slightly revised definition of self-control and asserted that social and self-control are the same thing; redefining as the following self-control becomes the tendency to consider the full range of potential costs of a particular act. With the statement in 2004 by Hirschi, he equates all the elements of social bond with new concept of self-control and the bonds are now viewed as the true meaning of self-control. Empirical research failed to produce favorable evidence in social bonding theory; Hirschi collaborating with Gottfredson to propose the current self-control theory to offer explanation of all crimes and deviance under all circumstances but there are still unresolved issues in this theory related to tautology and the process of measurement to test theory. Although an early intervention program that applies principle of both theories has shown success in
preventing delinquency, substances abuse and misbehavior. During the research of this theory the relationship to law enforcement programs surfaced to include the DARE programs, GREAT programs and School Resource Officers. One of the goals and focuses for these programs is to deploy police officers into the schools for the purpose of creating a relationship/connection to the youth. Officers are charged with being a positive influencer, conscious guider and peaceful warrior for the communities of youth they serve every day, these programs try and reach these young persons and reinforce self-control and teach and or these young people to consider the full range of potential costs of a particular act before doing such acts.