Social Changes Outside Philippines During 19th Century in the Light of Rizal's Life

The World in Rizal’s Time
Political Changes

Alferez, Alain Jared
Aquino, Angelica
Atienza, Aldrin
Baluyot, Rencie
Bernabe, Venzerie Rose
Lomibao, Justine

2CA1

1801

The Act of Union, a legislative agreement which united Ireland and Great Britain (England and Scotland) was enacted on January 1, 1801.
On 1798, the Irish Rebellion brought the Irish question to the attention of the British Cabinet, and British Prime Minister, William Pitt, was convinced that the best solution was a union.
The 1799 proposal met strong opposition from a number of members and was rejected by majority of the Irish parliament. However, the government pursued in changing the opposition’s view.
During the 1800 session of the parliament, the Act of Union was finally passed.

In relation to Rizal
Rizal crafted a large number of writings that changed many lives of people not only in the Philippines but also in many parts of the world. And one of Rizal’s greatest works, published on the early time of Spanish colonization of the Philippines, is his annotation of Antonio Morga’s “Successo de las Islas Filipinas”.
Dr. Jose Rizal reprinted in Paris Morga’s “Successo de las Islas Filipinas” with his annotation. It described the history of the Philippines before the Spanish period. Rizal had shown through this work of his that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even long before the Spaniards came the country.

1816
The American Colonization Society was created in an effort to resettle blacks and newly freed slaves.
What is ACS? What does it do? Why is it created? What was the issue with the blacks and slaves? Where? When? Who? How?
The American Colonization Society (in full, The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America), founded in 1816, was the primary vehicle to support the "return" of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen. Its founders were Henry Clay, John Randolph, and Richard Bland Lee. The colonization effort resulted from a mixture of motives. Free blacks, freedmen and their descendants, encountered widespread discrimination in the United States of the early 19th century.
In relation to Rizal
Rizal evidently disliked the discrimination of rights between black and white.
What event? When? Where?
How did he show his opposition to discrimination? Any writings?
What did he do for the blacks and the slaves?
1837
Queen Victoria becomes Queen at the age of 18. Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837, most people lived in villages and worked on the land, by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in officers, shops, and factories.

In relation to Rizal
Rizal arrived in London and in Liverpool on May 24, 1888. For a short time, he stayed as a guest of Dr. Antonio Regidor, an exile and a practising lawyer.
By the end of May, he transferred to a new boarding house ran by the Breckett Family. It was here that Rizal met Gertrude Breckett, a true-blooded English woman. Her case with Rizal was quite different from others because it was one-way. She showed sign of being very much in love with our hero.

1861
Criminal Law Coordination Act reduced the number of capital crimes to four: Murder, High Treason, Arson and Piracy. After 1861 capital punishment was only retained for 4 crimes, murder, piracy, arson in the Royal Dockyards and high treason
In which country? England, Britain
Why was CLCA reduced into four capital crimes? Why were they chosen?
More details.
In relation to Rizal
Rizal was accused of Treason. (Accused as leader of Katipunan/ rebellion)
Meaning of Treason betrayal of one's own country by waging war against it or by consciously or purposely acting to aid its enemies.
Why was Rizal guilty with treason? What did he do? When? Where? His writings had helped inspire the Philippine Revolution against colonial rule.
For 4 years Rizal remained in exile in Dapitan, where he practiced ophthalmology, built a school and waterworks, planned town improvements, wrote, and carried out scientific experiments. Then he successfully petitioned the Spanish government to join the Spanish army in Cuba as a surgeon; but on his way to Spain to enlist, the Philippine revolution broke out, and Rizal was returned from Spain, imprisoned, and tried for false charges of treason and complicity with the revolution.
Connect to Rizal’s martyrdom. His enemies in the government and Church were operating behind the scenes, and he was convicted. The day before he was executed he wrote to a friend: "I am innocent of the crime of rebellion. So I am going to die with a tranquil conscience."

1868
Queen Isabella was dethroned and replaced by Miguel Carlos dela Torre
In relation to Rizal
This happened in Spain (Conservatives wanted a queen as monarch)
Why would the queen be dethroned by the general?

In relation to Rizal
Miguel Carlos dela Torre gave way to Liberalism and freedom of speech.
Element in Spanish society--- liberals, reformists (dela Torre) created a Republic
Separated state from church. Elected, not appointed.

1869
Suez Canal was opened to the world after 10 years of construction.
With collaboration with the French
How much time does Suez Canal save? (saved time and effort, goods are transported)
(Pwede ata ito sa relation) Everything was transported including IDEAS wherever people go. Ideas from Europe will enter Philippines because of Suez Canal
In relation to Rizal
Rizal passed through the Suez Canal when he was on his way to the City of Naples.

1874
Former Spanish General Manuel Pavia y Rodriguez dies at Madrid, January 4 at age 67, having ended Spain’s first republic by his coup d’état of January 1874.
More details

In relation to Rizal
From Barcelona, Rizal moved to Madrid, the capital city of Spain. On November 3, 1882, he enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters in the Universidad Central de Madrid. He also studies painting and sculpture in the Academy of Arts and took lessons in French, German and English.

http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/hanging1.html http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/treason http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society