The text defines Forces of production as a term that refers to the physical means and techniques of production to which laborers add value and transform the capital into products for sale. Forces of production include materials, such as land, labor, natural resources, machinery, energy and technology instruments used in production.
Productivity is the amount an individual
produces or that a group produces per person. For example, services rendered, capital invested or commodities manufactured, to name a few. However, unethical behavior in firms results in lower productivity. If there isn’t a need to invest productivity in producing goods for society, the welfare of society will decline.