Social Movement: An Explanation Of The Deprivation Theory

In the scientific literature, there are no agreements of a social movement definition. It is difficult to define the concept of a social movement due to various interpretations of the social movement theories. There are two main types of social movements. The first type is an activist movement. In the activist movement, there is a will to make a particular change by organizing a collective action. The second type of social movement is called regressive when the group of people is trying to resist a change in the society. According to the McAdam, sometimes social movements are converging together while analyzing different political parties, interest groups and different social phenomenon' as revolutions, religious sects and political organizations.
People tend not to feel comfortable in their casual life and are organizing social movements to improve their living conditions. For instance, women who are seeking to achieve equal rights is an example of this theory because they have been seen as second-class citizens. Deprivation theory is born while a group people feel deprived of a particular good, service, or resource as argued by McAdam, McCarthy, & Zald. There are two branches of the deprivation theory including the absolute and the relative deprivation. Being a supporter of a relative deprivation is regarded to be in disadvantageous position vis-à-vis another group in the society as explained by McAdam, McCarthy, & Zald. For the social movement that emerged from the deprivation theory other variables are of a crucial importance. Deprivation is a necessary condition but not sufficient enough. The theory provides a one-sided explanation of the emergence of the social movement. For instance, women social movements emerge because women feel deprived by the rights that are provided by the community. While the integration of individuals or community to social, political and cultural spheres is not completely successful, social movements are emerging to challenge the state. According to the resource mobilization theory, people participate in the social movement when
As argued by Wieviorka, there are five main characteristics of the social movement founding paradigm. The social movement is situated in the framework of the states where the working-class is the main actor. During 1960s social movement was constructed, developed and situated by the sociologists. The framework of the nation-state is followed by challenging the dominion where Taylorism had an impact strengthening the social movement. Furthermore, social consciousness is caused by specific social forms of action by creating social relationships. There are contemporary social movements in Latin America that emerged during the last years of the dictatorship in Latin American countries. Social movements that have been created during the years of dictatorships are referred to be “new” as the social actors demarcated from “old” forms of collective identity as traditional trade unions, explained by Lehmann. Social movements are embodying a new form of collective politics by democratizing societies as argued by Sang-Sub, Ha. The mobilization of a public support is very important for the development of social movements. A lot of movements that emerged during the 1970s were dedicated to the opposition of the state suppression. Those who have joined the social movements have been victims of discrimination and persecutions. Scholars have long shown that the start of social protest,