Socio-Economic Effects of Child Labour in Pakistan

Journal of Biotechnology 152 (2011) 114–124

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Review

Halophilic anaerobic fermentative bacteria
Anniina T. Kivistö ∗ , Matti T. Karp
Tampere University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere, Finland

a r t i c l e

i n f o

a b s t r a c t
In hypersaline environments bacteria are exposed to a high osmotic pressure caused by the surrounding high salt concentrations. Halophilic microorganisms have specific strategies for balancing the osmotic pressure and surviving in these extreme conditions. Halophilic fermentative bacteria form taxonomically and phylogenetically a coherent group mainly belonging to the order Halanaerobiales. In this review, halophilic anaerobic fermentative bacteria in terms of taxonomy and phylogeny, special characteristics, survival strategies, and potential for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of branches, such as production of hydrogen, are discussed. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Article history: Received 12 March 2010 Received in revised form 17 August 2010 Accepted 23 August 2010 Available online 9 September 2010 Keywords: Halophilic Fermentative Bacteria Thermophilic Alkaliphilic

Contents 1. 2. 3. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taxonomy and phylogeny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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