Soctec

Models
• Sustainable Development (resources)
 Environmentaly sound
 Culturally appropriate
 Gender equal
• Human development

Development is a process of social change
Science and technology play a significant role in the process

Theories of Social and Technical change
• Techno-determinism theory
 Technologies is the main drive for social change
 The universal application of technology has led to industrialization
 The technology caused significant changes in the economy politics and culture of human societies
• Structural Functionalism
 Social change is an evolutionary process
 Change is viewed as gradual and incremental
 The ideal state is characterized by balance and harmony
 Conflict is seen as disfunctional and abnormal
• Historical Materalism
 Society is dynamic
 Conflict and contadicion drives change
 The historical development of society is driver at a given time
 The resolution of synthesis of such conflict passes the way for the emergence of a new period

Development Processes vis-a-vis S and T
• Modernization
• Developent of modern state and its attendant bureaucratic organizations
• Development of capitalist economy
• Globalization

Modernization
• process of social change
• society moves from a primitive state towards an advanced and modern state
• movement is unidirectional
• it is desirable since it implies progress, humanity and civilization
• not revolutionary but evolutionary in nature, characterized by a slow, gradual and piecemeal process
Characteristics of Modernization Process
• Phased—the process comes in stages
• Homogenizing—the process tends to unify different political, cultural, economic and social systems into a single system
• Europeanization (or Westernization)—the process follows the European or Western models and patterns of social change
• Irreversible—a system cannot go back to its original state once modernization ensues
• Progressive—the change is from backward to