In this experiment a ketone, 9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation, this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel, hydrogen gas, and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However, hydrogen gas is dangerous due to being very flammable/combustible. Therefore, a reducing agent will be used in this experiment instead. There are multiple types of reducing agents that reduce different types of functional groups and thus selection of the proper reducing agent is crucial.…
Polymers are large macromolecules composed of many small repeating subunits (monomers) connected via covalent bonds. Both natural and synthetic polymers are created via polymerization of these small molecules (Chemistry 144 Writing Assignment information sheet). The chosen polymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the form of Teflon®, is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (Wikipedia, 2015), and is one of the most well-known brand names for PTFE based formulas, owned by DuPont Co.…
In this experiment we were wanting to find the specific heat of an unknown metal and determining what metal it was by using the formula q=c X m X change of temperature. We did two trials to compare the two and see what we come up with.…
.2400 grams of the unknown compound. This is done in duplicate and purple-tinted precipitates are placed in Gooch crucibles. The precipitates are suction dried using ethyl alcohol then acetone to…
hydrogen chloride has properties: Hydrogen chloride has one molecule of hydrogen and one molecule of chlorine: Hydrogen chloride has a very powerful smell. It is in the form of a gas but only when it is at room temperature which is approximately 25 Celsius and when the pressure is high. The solubility of hydrogen chloride is very high this means that it can dissolve in water quickly because it dissolves many times in its own solution (the gas form of hydrogen chloride). It is very soluble because the smaller the chain of the molecules are then the energy required in small quantities however if the chain is long then it will need more energy so that means that the longer chain will have a slow reaction and the longer the chain the chances…
Which one of the following substances will float in gasoline, which has a density of 0.66 g/mL?…
Sodium hypochlorite, also known as chlorine bleach, soda bleach, or household bleach is a chemical with the formula NaClO. A common way sodium hypochlorite gets into the San Francisco bay is through daily household cleaning products such as laundry bleach. In a survey conducted by The Clorox Company, it was found that four out of five households use sodium hypochlorite bleach for their laundry. Since laundry detergent companies are not required to list every ingredient, customers are often not aware that they are purchasing harmful chemicals. When the run off from used laundry water gets into the bay, it becomes filled with toxic chemical pollutants such as sodium hypochlorite. The bay water is the primary water source for bay plants. If the water they are receiving contains Sodium Hypochlorite, this could affect the plant’s growth. Water treatment plants use industrial strength sodium hypochlorite. Although the water treatment facilities try to remove it from the water before it gets released back into nature, the data from Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge found that there is still an average of .6 to…
What is Magnesium chloride(MgCl2)? What is it used for and why? What does it look like? Magnesium chloride is the name of a chemical formula of MG CL two. This is a salt and they are a typical ion halide. halides are very soluble to water. magnesium chloride is used for deicing on highways in sidewalks and also parking lots it is a good source of de-icing. The color that it appears is white or colorless crystalline solid. What is magnesium or what is chloride? whare are they located?…
In the experiment, we tested a sodium chloride solution. Along with the tested solution, control groups (water and sodium phosphate) were used to be help understand whether or not NaCl was a buffer. Water was the negative control group and sodium phosphate was the positive control group. If NaCl was a buffer than the pH would be stabled as the sodium phosphate buffer. If NaCl was not a buffer than the pH would fluctuate like the negative control, water. During the first trial and prior to the drops of 0.5 M of HCl acid, the pH of sodium chloride was 7.50. After the addition of 5 drops of 0.5 M of HCl, the pH decreased by 4.83 and ended at 2.67 on the pH scale. When comparing the results of the sodium chloride to the control groups, the total pH change of sodium phosphate was only…
MSG or monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of glutamic acid which can be naturally found in many common foods that are rich in protein content such as dairy products, meat, vegetable and mother’s milk. In fact, our own bodies do produce glutamic acid via Krebs cycle during metabolizing food. Glutamate is the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acid (Ninomiya, 1998) and it is a very common part of our diet. In the food industry, MSG is widely used as a flavor enhancer. It is responsible for cranking up the sensational umami flavors on our tongue to make bland food taste delicious. Umami can be described as a savory flavor and was named after the Japanese word “Umai” which means delicious (Ikeda, 2002). MSG was first discovered in 1908 by biochemist Kikunae Ikeda, the Japanese man who identified the natural flavor enhancing substance in seaweed. Today, MSG is added to recipe of many fast food and junk food to make them taste more wonderful. MSG is also used as a food additive in most soup, canned food, frozen dinner and crackers.…
The human body contains chemical messengers. There are four groups of chemical messengers within the human body. Each chemical messenger are unique in their own way, having different functions throughout the body. The four groups are as follows in no specific order: Autocrine, paracrine, neurotransmitter, and endocrine.…
Nitric acid is an acid many people have come across in life. One may have felt nitric acid when touching fertilizers, or using dyes. Nitric acid appears in substances we never thing it would be used in. In fact, small contents of nitric is acid is found in raindrops that fall from the sky.…
Difluorophosphate or difluorodioxophosphate or phosphorodifluoridate is an anion with formula PO2F2−. It has a single negative charge and resembles perchlorate (ClO4−) and monofluorosulfonate(SO3F−) in shape and compounds.[2] These ions are isoelectronic, along withtetrafluoroaluminate.[2][3] It forms a series of compounds. The ion is toxic to mammals as it causes blockage to iodine uptake in the thyroid. However it is degraded in the body over several hours.[2]…
Organic chemistry is the study of essentially all substances containing carbon. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbons are the alkanes which contain only single covalent bonds. Methane is the simplest alkane. It is also the major component of natural gas. Methane contains only 1 carbon in the molecular formula and the structural formula. There is ethane which is 2 carbons, propane that is 3, butane which is 4, pentane which is 5 and so on. There are also alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double covalent bonds, and last but not least there is the alkynes which are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds. They also have different names. Alkanes end with ane. Alkenes end with ene, and alkynes end with yne. In organic chemistry there are also isomers, isomers are One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of the atoms within the molecules and that may have different physical/chemical properties. For example, CH3OCH3 and C2H5OH are isomers. They both have the same amount of carbon atoms but are arranged differently. Organic chemistry is used EVERYWHERE. For example methane, which is a gas produced by flatulence, that gas is also found in marshes.…
Reaction to the feasibility study “Establishment of Mandemor Manufacturing Enterprise: Manufacturer of Mandemor Ice Cream in Batangas City” by De Chavez, Myca M., Maranan, Lernie B. and Moreno, Meghan D.…