1. Reverse Osmosis: It is one of the most widely used technologies to treat industrial waste water. It has been commonly used to remove salts and various other impurities so as to improve the parameters such as pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand. This technology is already on the rise because of its efficacy and cost efficiency.
Reverse Osmosis is a phenomenon wherein water is separated from a solution of dissolved solids by the solution through a semi permeable membrane under an external pressure. The external pressure usually provided with the help of a pump is required to overcome the osmotic pressure or the atmospheric pressure. Due to this molecules with lower molecular …show more content…
Also these plants operate at a very pressure ranging anywhere from 10 bar to 70 bar. The raw water that is fed into the system is called Feed water and the reusable water coming out of the system is called Permeate. This permeate is colorless, odorless and neutral pH water that is generally used as the tap that is supplied by municipal corporation. Apart from permeate there is also highly concentrated waste or impure water which is called Reject. This reject is highly concentrated, more concentrated than the original feed itself. Now the quantity of reject is generally very low and is decided by the recovery rate. If the recovery rate is 80%, then the reject is just 20% of the feed whereas rest 80% of it is permeate that used back in the manufacturing process as the water that is provided by the municipal corporation. The reject cannot be treated further and it is given a different treatment which is through evaporators. Evaporators are widely used in industries, evaporators basically converts the water molecules of the reject into vapors leaving behind the contaminants with higher boiling …show more content…
Effluent Treatment Plant: Effluent treatment plants are treat the waste water coming out of various processes of various manufacturing industries such as tanneries, distilleries, pharmaceutical, textiles, chemicals, etc. It has become mandatory for the organization to have an effluent treatment plant because of the government norms. These norms require industries to treat their waste water before discarding it in any water body. To bring down substances of harmful elements in the waste water factories install effluent treatment plant. Every effluent plant has a different process depending on the type of industry but all of them have basic processes which are mentioned