Themes:
1. Maternal love
2. Sacrifice
3. Class-system
4. Nobility
5. Superiority complexion
The theme of relationship revolves around Sophy's relationships: Sophy and Sam Hobson; Sophy and Vicar Twycott; Sophy and Randolph. A secondary but influential relationship is that inferred between Randolph and his father, the Vicar Twycott. In a subtle examination of these four relationships, Hardy represents beneficial relationships and harmful relationships.
From what we know of Sam Hobson, in his love for her, he had always put Sophy's happiness and welfare before his own. For instance, when she was nineteen, he asked her if she would be his wife but only when he could provide a home for her:
"You see, dear Sophy, ... you may want a home; and I shall be ready to offer one some day, though I may not be ready just yet."
Another instance is when they became reacquainted after Twycott's death and Sam encouraged Sophy to ride out with him in the clean air of the morning as he delivered produce to Covent Garden. This and subsequent excursions in the pre-dawn hours gave her renewed strength and permitted her better sleep than the sleepless nights that followed an invalid's days without exercise.
"Now, wouldn't some air do you good? ... Why not ride up to Covent Garden with me?" ... The air was fresh as country air at this hour, and the stars shone, ... "There is no time o' day for taking the air like this."... The air and Sam's presence had revived her: her cheeks were quite pink--almost beautiful.
Twycott also had put Sophy's welfare before his own. He had fallen in love with her quiet presence and tender ways and his affection was strengthened by his duty to provide some relief for her after being the unintentional cause of her fall and permanent ankle injury. In marrying her, he provided for her future as well as for his own, and he moved his new bride to a prestigious parish "south of London" where her social inferiority would be less keenly