By Santram Bantram Singh
Socio-cultural factors:
Dongria-Kondh tribe which inhabits the upper reaches of the hilly forest of Orissa. Vedanta operates hospitals and health posts extending health services to tribal people. This includes health care, diagnostic and treatment services. The rehabilitation colony was constructed by Vedanta Alumina at Lanjigarh in Kalahandi district. This controversy also reflects government’s failure to devise an effective development policy for forest-dwelling tribes in central and eastern India. On one hand though this project provides livelihood to unemployed Indians while on other habitat of the tribal peoples is degraded, their livelihoods destroyed.
Political factors:
To develop bauxite mines at the Niyamgiri hill, agreement signed between the Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC) and Vedanta Alumina Ltd. for bauxite mining in Kalahandi district. Government report had accused Vedanta of violations of forest conservation, tribal rights and environmental protection laws in Orissa. Vedanta's Alumina Refinery in Lanjigarh was critiqued by the Orissa State Pollution Control Board for air pollution and water pollution in the area.
Economical factors:
Energy availability is one of the important factors for any business. In mining industry it becomes of the utmost importance. To overcome the difficulties in energy supply Vedanta had to start Sterlite Energy. Though various companies of Vedanta group had public investments still its majority holdings belong to Agarwal family. In December 2003, it became the first Indian company to be listed on the London Stock Exchange. Their increased share in market had enabled them to acquire Cairn India.
Legal factors:
In July 2010, Sterlite Industries, a subsidiary of Vedanta Group was slapped a tax notice and charged with violating