• Condition according to Mayo Clinic: neural tube defect where the tube fails to develop or close
• Causes according to Mayo Clinic: genetic factors, environmental factors
• Risk factors according to Mayo Clinic: being white, Hispanic, or a girl, family history of folic acid deficiency, family history of spina bifida, mother taking anti-seizure medications while pregnant, mother having diabetes, being obese, or getting hyperthermia early on in pregnancy
• Signs and symptoms according to Mayo Clinic: separation of vertebrae, hair/fat/birthmark above spinal defect
• Labs to monitor according to Medscape: amniocentesis, urinalysis, urine culture, serum urea nitrogen creatinine test, MRI
• Treatment according to Mayo Clinic: cesarean