Lymphatic filariasis is an extremely painful infection of the lymphatic system. It is caused when thread-like filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. There are three forms of the parasites which are Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timorican. The most common is Wuchereia bancrofti. When the mosquito bites the human, it injects the larvae into the blood stream which then circulates into the lymphatic system. The parasites can live up to six years in a human. The disease is most common in tropical areas and sub-tropical areas such as mid-Africa and southern Asia due to their elevated temperatures and moist climate CITATION Sab14 \l 1033 (Institute, 2014).…
7. A 27 year old white female presented at the walking clinic of her local physic al on August 15. On physical exam, the patient had a fever of 38.5C. She appeared fatigued, had tender joints, and complained of a headache, a stiff neck and a backache. The physician noticed a circular “rash” about 5 inches in diameter, with a bright red…
The virus is spread by humans; on shoes, clothes and animals; fur, paws after having come into contact with infected soil or faeces. The virus can live in soil for up to a year.…
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma. After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease…
RMSF can be a life-threatening disease that causes damage to the body’s blood vessels, tissues, and organs. Once the blood vessels are damaged, the body triggers an inflammatory response that causes a surge of microembolic clots to coagulate in the damaged blood vessels, leading to hypoxia and even death if not treated. According to Anikwe, Davis, and Waters (2013), “RMSF is a potentially lethal Gram-negative, tick-borne infection caused by the Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria that’s prevalent in South, North, and Central America” (p. 19). However, in the United States, sixty percent of new cases in 2012 were in Arkansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Tennessee (Anikwe et al., p. 19). In the aforementioned states, the incidence rates are around sixty-three cases per one million people every year.…
What is the relative humidity when the air temperature is 75 degrees Fahrenheit and the Wet Bulb temperature is 65 degrees Fahrenheit?…
(7) Cats are known to get many parasites or infectious microbes like roundworms, hookworms, giardia and campylobacter…
13. This disease is considered to be non-lethal in wild cats. What is the proposed explanation for this?…
Rock Mountain Spotted Fever is a bacterial disease that is caused by a type of bacteria carried by infected ticks. The scientific name of the causative agent is Rickettsia rickettsii. The bacteria’s, physical appearance is very small, about 0.2-0.5 µm by 0.2-0.3 µm. It is spotted, and has a circular or oval-like shape. Also, it is gram-negative. The bacterium multiplies by binary fission and contains both DNA and RNA. They can live to a lifespan of one year. The tick can first be infected by consuming the blood of another infected animal, then once the tick is attached to a host or human, it gets into the cell and begins to reproduce to infect more of the cells. Males can transfer the bacteria to females through mating and females can transfer the bacteria to their eggs. Once a tick is infected by rickettsia rickettsii, it will have it for life. Spotted Fever can be transmitted through tick bites. Through a period of time, about one to two weeks, the tick feeds on the blood of the host.…
In the Northern hemisphere, particularly in southwestern regions, the United States and in northern Mexico dwells a disease called Coccidioidomycosis, which is also known as San Joaquin Fever, Valley Fever and Posada’s disease. Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease, which in most cases enters the body through the lungs. Both humans and mammals are susceptible to this infection. Specific areas have become endemic for a variety of reasons. Some reasons being, population swelling and the increase in tourism, that causes the infection to grow and manifest itself. There are various forms, where the infection can occur, such as: chronic progressive pneumonia, acute pneumonia, meningitis and extra pulmonary non-meningeal disease. The infection does not affect everyone the same and can cause only flu-like symptoms for patients, while others can experience the more severe side. This specific fungal infection has no exact cure but does have a handful of treatments available.…
“Thirty-five year old Donna Duckworth is learning how to care for her newborn of five weeks, when she bends over the baby’s crib and feels something give in her back. The next day and the following week, the pain becomes unbearable in her back. She is breast-feeding and does not want to take any medication so she lives with the intense and continuing pain. Within a few weeks, she can no longer stand it so she goes to see her physician who orders blood work, does a complete physical and as a result, sends her to see an orthopedist who x-rays and does a bone density study. The diagnosis comes back as osteoporosis and it is found she has fractured three of her lumbar and four of her cervical vertebra.”…
In the novel “A Tale of Two Cities” The author Charles Dickens uses various themes such as death and resurrection, social conflicts and sacrifice. To convey different ideas to the reader. Dickens also uses many forms of figurative language to help convey the many themes. Foreshadowing, allusion and motifs is some of the many figurative languages that is used. The story takes place during the french revolution. The novel starts off with a popular quote “ It was the best of times, It was the worst of times” This quote shows that the novel is can be interpreted differently to everyone. The themes that is discussed in the novel may not even be relevant to the novel because of his big use of…
Spherocytosis is a condition that affects red blood cells. People with this condition typically experience a shortage of red blood cells which is anemia, yellowing of the eyes and skin also known as jaundice, and an enlarged spleen which is called splenomegaly. Most newborns with spherocytosis have severe anemia, although it improves after the first year of life. Splenomegaly can occur anytime from early childhood to adulthood. About half of affected individuals develop hard deposits in the gallbladder called gallstones, which typically occur from late childhood to mid-adulthood.…
Histoplasmosis is caused by the fungus Histoplasma, which lives throughout the world but is most common in North America and Central America. Histoplasma grows best in soil that contains bird or bat droppings. However, birds cannot spread the fungus in their droppings but bats can. People most often receive the disease causing illness after breathing in microscopic fungal spores that come from disturbed soil. The most common symptoms a person would get are coughing, fever, and fatigue and they usually appear within three and seventeen days. Other symptoms a person may experience are chills, headache chest pains, and body aches and these will most commonly last for a couple of weeks to a month unless they become severe. In severe cases of Histoplasmosis the disease can develop into a long term lung infection and even possibly spread to areas of the body like the spinal cord or the brain. Almost every healthcare provider can order a test for histoplasmosis. For a doctor to diagnosis histoplasmosis the best they need a urine sample or a blood sample, they also need to know physical examinations, symptoms, and your medical and travel history. The treatment is fairly simple with a non-severe case and you should see a decline of your symptoms in a few weeks. In severe cases a doctor will prescribe an antifungal medication like Itraconazole, and can say you need the treatment for up to 3 months to a year. Histoplasmosis is most common among adults aged sixty-five years or older or people who have HIV/AIDS and a weakened immune system. Although, approximately sixty percent to ninety percent in the Midwest/South have been exposed to Histoplasmosis. The most recent outbreak of Histoplasmosis was in an east-central Illinois prison throughout the months of august through September in the year 2013. They are still finding cases so the investigation is still open, but they are currently at 78 cases. The breakout was causes by the pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum…
The rate of transmission at this time is 90 percent. Sexual transmission drops dramatically after that; by the second year transmission rate is 5 percent, and by the fourth year, syphilis can no longer be contracted by sexual contact. Maternal-fetal transmission can occur either by placental cross-over or at the time of delivery, direct contact with syphilitic lesions. Fetal risks are highest in women with early syphilis. In the initial disease a presumed diagnosis of syphilis can be made upon observation of the patient and sexual history. Dark field microscopy of exudate from the lesion is a reliable way to confirm the presence of spirochetes. Light through the microscope fitted with special lenses allows the visualization and identification of the corkscrew morphology of the spirochete as white against a dark…