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Sport Management Research Paper
Football Referees Affecting the Outcome of the Game

Joseph Bresse
Sport Seminar
Dr. Liptrap

Abstract

This study focuses on finding if the training of football referees can affect the final outcome of a game. I researched types of training referees do to become certified, and also how they maintain. Home field advantage was also researched. Data was collected by polling 100 Division III football players in the Northeast, using a ten question survey.

Table of Contents

Research Question pg 4

Literature Review pg 4-10

Definitions pg 11-14

Research Methodology pg 14

Results pg 15-25

Conclusion pg 25-26

References pg 27-28

Appendixes pg 29-30

Research Question Does the training of the referees affect the final outcome of a football game?

Literature Review

Big Ten Faces Further Review According to USA Today, The Big Ten faces further review, with a new experimental replay system. They allow technical advisers to sit in an audio visual room and watch all Big Ten games, and can overturn a bad call and take notes on good or controversial calls. David Parry, who is the leagues supervisor of football officials of fifteen years, and the coordinator of NCAA football supervisors, is one the men who do this job every week. If he hears an incorrect call or explanation, he can call the officials at the game and correct them. He can not overrule a call made off of instant replay, but he can be a witness to the process. (Moran, 2011)
Packers Coach Talks to Referee Who Made Disputed Call Green Bay head coach Mike McCarthy decided to call the referee who made the infamous blown call of the replacement referee era, Wayne Elliot. Elliot made the call of Touchdown, although it looked like Green Bay’s M.D. Jennings had



References: Appleson, R. (2004, October). If Football Referees Made Accreditation Calls: A Modest Proposal. Academe, 90, 58-60 Austin, J.B Battista, J. (2012, September 26). NFL Reaches Labor Deal with Referees. The New York Times. A1 Borden, S Bray, S. R., & Widmeyer, W. N. (2000). Athletes’ perception of the home advantage: An investigation of perceived causal factors. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23, 1–10. Bernam, D.K. (2012, January). So, What’s Your Algorithm?, The Wall Street Journal Crittenden, M.R Cohen, R. (2012, September, 27). Roger Goodell Apology: NFL Commisioner Tells Fans “We’re Sorry” For Replacement Refs. The Huffington Post Sports DelVecchio, S Easterbrook, G. (2012, September, 25). Losing control is refs’ big blunder. ESPN.com, ESPN Playbook Gregson, W., & Reilly, T Greenfield, K.T. (2012, September 25). The NFL Fiasco: Why Referees are Like Chicago Teacher. Bloomberg Businessweek. Grunska, J. (2011, April). Further Review: An inside look at video training. Referee, 414, 58-59 Harkins, S Hiestand, M. (2012). Replacement referees good for TV Business. USA TODAY Sports Himmelsbach, A Ivy League Sports. (2011, July). Report Regarding The Ivy League Review of Concussions In Football. Ivy League Sports Jamieson, J Long, H. & Czarnecki, J. (2012). Football Cheat Sheet. Football for Dummies (USA Edition). 4th Edition Moran, M Nevill, A. M., Balmer, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2002). The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 261–272 Plaschke, B Referee Journal. (2012, July). Ways to Learn, Improve. Referee, Issue 429, pg 65 Simon, D Smith, C. (2012, September 25). NFL Players Should Go On Strike Until Union Referees Return. Forbes SPORTSMONEY The Associated Press The Associated Press. (2012, February 1). Super Bowl Referee Named. The New York Times. B16 Wilmer, B Zimmer, B. (2009, September 14). Football Words, Just for Fun, Vocabulary Lists. Vocabulary.com -----------------------

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