Sport Management International Journal
Scientific Forum in Sport Management
SMIJ – VOL. 3, Number 1, 2007
Strategic marketing planning in the sport sector
Thanos Kriemadis, Ph.D., M.B.A., M.A.1, Christos Terzoudis, M.A.2
1
Department of Sport Management, University of Peloponnese Associate Professor Department of Sport Management, University of Peloponnese Doctoral Candidate
2
Abstract
The business sector has long recognized the contribution of marketing planning in the financial success. The sport sector has begun to recognize the usefulness of strategic marketing planning as well. Many sport researchers have argued that without the improvement of strategic marketing planning activities, sport will not survive to the competitive environment of the entertainment industry. The purposes of this study are to: (a) examine the strategic marketing planning process, and (b) propose a strategic marketing planning process for the sport sector and analyze its various elements. If the sport managers follow the proposed strategic marketing planning process, they will be able to handle the complicated sport business environment and deliver high economic benefits.
Key Words: marketing, marketing planning, strategic marketing planning, sport marketing planning, sport business.
28
SMIJ – VOL. 3, Number 1, 2007
As the business environment becomes even more complicated and the needs of customers become increasingly sophisticated, there is a need for organizations and business companies to consider carefully the way they examine and carry out strategic marketing planning. Marketing planning, as Mandell and Rosenberg (1981) describe, is the «Managerial Marketing Process» which explores what marketing actually does - the actual process by which marketing operates. McDonald (1989, 1992, 1995, 1999 and 2002) stated that marketing planning is: «a systematic way of identifying a range of options, to choose one or more of them, then to
References: Andreasen, A.R., and Kotler, P. (2003). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organistions. 6th Edition. Prentice Hall Barrow, C., Brown, R., and Clarke, L. (1995). Public Sector Management: Theory, Critique and Practice. Sage Publications. Newbury Park. CA Boyd, H., and Massey, W. (1972). Marketing Management. New York. McGraw Hill Brooksbank, R. (1991). Successful Marketing Practice: A Literature Review and Checklist for Marketing Practitioners. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 25, No. 5. pp. 20-29 Brooksbank, R. (1999). The theory and practice of marketing planning in the smaller business. Marketing Intelligence and Planning. Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 78-90 Brooksbank, R., Kirby, D.A., & Wright, G. (1992). Marketing and Company Performance: An Examination of Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms in Britain. Small Business Economics, Vol. 4, pp. 221-236 Claycomb, C., Germain, R., and Droge, C. (2000). The effects of formal strategic marketing planning on the industrial firm’s configuration, structure, exchange patterns and performance. Industrial Marketing Management. Vol. 29, pp. 219-234 Dibb, S., Farhangmehr, M. and Simkin, L. (2001). The marketing planning experience: a UK and Portuguese comparison. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 409-417 Ghosh, B.C., Schoch, H.P., Taylor, D.B., Kwan, W.W., and Sock Kim, T. (1994). Top Performing Organizations of Australia, New Zealand and Singapore: A Comparative Study of Their Marketing Effectiveness. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 39-48 Harris, L.C., and Jenkins, H. (2001). Planning the future of rugby union: a study of the planning activities of UK rugby clubs. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 112-124 Hooley, G.J. (1984). The implementation of strategic marketing planning techniques in British industry. International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 1, pp. 153-162 Hooley, G. J., and Lynch, J. E. (1985). Marketing Lessons from the UK’s High-flying companies. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 1, pp. 6574 Hooley, G.J., Lynch, J.E. and Shepherd, J. (1990). The marketing concept: putting theory into practice. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 24, No. 9, pp. 7-24 Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1991). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING IN THE SPORT SECTOR 43 Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control. 9th Edition, Prentice Hall Lai, W.B., Huang, J.Y., Hooley, G., Lynch, J. and Yau, O. (1992). Effective Marketing in Taiwan: Profiles of the Top Performers. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 5-17 Lancaster, G. (1994). Planning a Campaign. In: Effective Industrial Marketing. (Ed) Hart, N., London, Kogan Page Lancaster, G. and Massingham, L. (1996). Strategic Marketing Planning and Evaluation. Kogan Page Leeflang, P.S.H. and De Mortanges, C.P. (1996). An empirical investigation of marketing planning. Journal of Euromarketing, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 77-101 Lysonski, S. and Pecotich, A. (1992). Strategic marketing planning, environmental uncertainty and performance. International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 9, pp. 247-255 Mandell, M. I. and Rosenberg, L. (1981). Marketing. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall McCarthy, E.J. (1996). Basic Marketing: A managerial approach. 12th Edition, Homewood, IL: Richard Irwin McDonald, M. H. B. (1984). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare them; How to Use Them. London, Heinemann McDonald, M. H. B. (1989). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them; How to Use Them. 2nd ed., Oxford, Butterworth - Heinemann McDonald, M. H. B. (1992), «Strategic Marketing Planning: A State-of-the-Art Review», Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol.10 No. 4, pp.4-22 McDonald, M. H. B. (1995), «Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them; How to Use Them», 3rd ed., Oxford, Butterworth - Heinemann McDonald, M. H. B. (1999), Marketing Plans: How to Prepare them; How to Use Them», 4th ed., Oxford, Butterworth - Heinemann McDonald, M. H. B. (2002). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare them; How to Use Them. 5th ed., London: Prentice Hall McDonald, M. and Payne, A. (1996). Marketing Planning for Services. Butterworth - Heinemann McKevitt, D. and Lawton, A. (1994). Public Sector Management: Theory, Critique and Practice. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA Mullin, B., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W.A (1993). Sport Marketing. Human Kinetice, Champaign, IL Papadopoulos, S.I. (1989). A Conceptual Tourism Marketing Planning Model: Part 1. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 23, No.1, pp. 31-40 Pulendran, S., Speed, R. and Widing, R. E. (2003). Marketing planning, market orientation and business performance. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 37, No. 3/4, pp. 476-497 Shank M.D. (1999). Sports Marketing. A Strategic Perspective. Prentice-Hall, Inc 44 SMIJ – VOL. 3, Number 1, 2007 Shilbury, D, Quick, S and Westerbeek, H. (1998). Strategic Sport Marketing. Allen and Unwin Shoham, A. and Kahle, L.R. (1996). Spectators, viewers, readers: communication and consumption in sport marketing. Sport Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp 11-19 Simkin, L. (1996). People and Process in Marketing Planning: The Benefits of Controlling Implementation. Journal of Marketing Management, No. 12, pp. 375-390 Siu, W.S. (2000a). Marketing and company performance of Chinese small firms in Hong Kong. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 292-307 Siu, W.S. (2000b). Marketing and company performance of Chinese small firms in Mainland China: A preliminary study. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 105-122 Siu, W.S., Fang, W. and Lin, T. (2004). Strategic marketing practices and the performance of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan. Entrepreneurship and regional development, Vol. 16, pp. 161-178 Stotlar, D.K. (1993). Successful Sport Marketing. Brown and Benchmark, Dubuque, IA Verhage, B.J. and Waarts, E. (1988). Marketing planning for improved performance: a comparative analysis. International Marketing Review, Vol. 15, pp. 20-30 www.nirsa.org Address for correspondence: Thanos Kriemadis 3 Lyssandrou Str., Sparta, 23100 Greece e-mail: thanos@uop.gr STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING IN THE SPORT SECTOR 45