Spss Tutorial

CHAPTER

Intrusion Response Systems: A Survey

10

10.1 INTRODUCTION
The occurrence of outages due to failures in today’s information technology infrastructure is a real problem that still begs a satisfactory solution. The backbone of the ubiquitous information technology infrastructure is formed by distributed systems—distributed middleware, such as CORBA and DCOM; distributed file systems, such as NFS and XFS; distributed coordination-based systems, such as publish-subscribe systems and network protocols; and above all, the distributed infrastructure of the World Wide Web. Distributed systems support many critical applications in the civilian and military domains. Critical civilian applications abound in private enterprise, such as banking, electronic commerce, and industrial control systems, as well as in the public enterprise, such as air traffic control, nuclear power plants, and protection of public infrastructures through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The dependency dramatically magnifies the consequence of failures, even if transient. There is little wonder that distributed systems, therefore, are called upon to provide alwaysavailable and trustworthy services. The terminology that we will use in this chapter is to consider the distributed systems as composed of multiple services and the services interact with one another through standardized network protocols. Consider, for example, a distributed e-commerce system with the traditional threetier architecture of a web server, application server, and database server. The services are typically located on multiple hosts. The importance of distributed systems has led to a long interest in securing such systems through prevention and runtime detection of intrusions. The prevention is traditionally achieved by a system for user authentication and identification (e.g., users log in by providing some identifying information such as log-in signature and password, biometric information,

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