Research paradigms
“Research paradigm is a set of belief and assumptions about the world and about how the research should be conducted. It offers a framework compromising a set of theories, methods and ways of defining data.” (SHU Blackboard, 2008) There are two main types of research paradigms, which are the ‘positivist’ and the ‘interpretivist’ / ‘phenomenological’ paradigms. The differences between the two types of paradigms are shown in the table below: Positivist Interpretivist
ASSUMPTIONS Objective world which science can 'mirror' with privileged knowledge Intersubjective world which science can represent with concepts of actors; social construction of reality
KEY FOCUS or IDEAS Search for contextual and organizational variables which cause organizational actions Search for patterns of meaning
KEY THEORIES IN PARADIGM Contingency theory; systems theory; population ecology; transaction cost economics of organizing; dustbowl empiricism Symbolic interaction; ethnomethodology; phenomenology; hermeneutics
KEY FIGURES Lorsch and Lawrence; Hannan and Freeman; Oliver Williamson Goffman; Garfinkel, Schutz; Van Maanen, David Silverman
GOAL OF PARADIGM Uncover truth and facts as quantitatively specified relations among variables Describe meanings, understand members'