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Stat 231 Course Notes

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Stat 231 Course Notes
STAT 231 (Winter 2012 - 1121)
Honours Statistics
Prof. R. Metzger University of Waterloo
A LTEXer: W. Kong Last Revision: April 3, 2012

Table of Contents
1 PPDAC 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 14 16

Measurement Analysis 2.1 2.2 Measurements of Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measurements of Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 4

Probability Theory Statistical Models 4.1 4.2 Generalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

Estimates and Estimators 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biases in Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Winter 2012 6 Distribution Theory 6.1 6.2 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS 17 18 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 22 23 23 25 26

Student t-Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least Squares Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intervals 7.1 7.2 7.3 Confidence Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



References: [1] William Kong, Stochastic Seeker : Resources, Internet: http://stochasticseeker.wordpress.com, 2011. [2] Paul Marriott, STAT 231/221 Winter 2012 Course Notes, University of Waterloo, 2009.

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