Asian Indians leaving their countries. Documents 2, 1, and 7 can support those causes while…
The United States is a diverse country that hardly leaves gaps for minorities to shine through. Immigration and Latin American immigration in particular, helps shape a picture of what a modern U.S. looks like. Over the past decades, the Mexican population in the U.S. has become increasingly diverse with regard to national origins. The book Transborder Lives: Indigenous Oaxacans in Mexico, California and Oregon by Lynn Stephen is an ethnography of Mixtecs from San Agustín Atenago and Zapotecs from Teotitlán del Valle now living in Mexico, California, and Oregon. Stephen focuses on the structural settings that frame migrant and labor relations. Through the use of interviews, she provided the readers with human relations, experiences in labor…
To contrast the major arguments of The Land of Open Graves and Mohawk Interruptus, is to contrast the different experiences of two major marginalized groups within the wealthy and powerful nations of Canada and the United States. These two ethnographies highlight the discrepancy between the views of marginalization and the actual methods deployed to marginalize; however, what De León and Simpson hope to bring to attention are the forms with which each respective group resists said marginalization. Here is where the commonality is found between the two authors’ main arguments. Audra Simpson on one hand writes the entirety of Mohawk Interruptus as an ethnography of refusal. By doing so, she highlights the will of the Mohawk to resist encroachments…
Recognizing that “dominant and subordinate groups compete for resources” (“Overview of Theories”, 2008, p. 6) can help social workers and the Tohono O’odham community problem solve ways to bring attention to their needs. Social workers and the members of the Tohono O’odham Nation can write letters to their State representatives to bring attention to their struggles, and can increase their networking with agencies outside of the Nation. By networking with agencies outside of the nation, social workers and members of the Tohono O’odham nation can promote “understanding and adaptation” (“Contemporary Social Work Practice”, 2017) of Euro-American expectations and policies that can be a barrier to providing services on the Nation. It is a difficult process, but the Tohono O’odham people fight for necessary services and resources to be brought to them instead of being expected to leave their land, and social workers need to be a part of that…
In the reading by Thomas Flanagan, “Native Sovereignty: Does Anyone Really Want an Aboriginal Archipelago?” explains his point of view based on Natives not gaining sovereignty. “Hunting-gathering societies have political processes that assign rank and dominance within communities” (Flanagan, pp. 43), as argued by Flanagan, native 's hunting-gathering societies practice out of period political processes. Flanagan claims that Natives cannot have their own structure of government and this is why it wouldn’t make sense for Natives to want a sovereign state. Natives have a huge variety of people – particularly, there are over 700,000 status Indians, who belong to over 600 Indian bands spread on more than 2,200 reserves. Hundred of thousands Metis and non-status Indians live outside who do not posses reserves. Natives are divided into certain categories; for example, they may classify themselves by language, customs, religion and history. Flanagan suggests that there are many types of…
Immigration has been the foundation of America for over three centuries: from the pilgrims on the Mayflower, the colonists from the Virginia Company, the African Americans from the slave trade, and many who fled Ireland’s potato famine. The United States has always provided immigrants job opportunities, a chance to fulfill one’s dreams, and an occasion to experience many civil liberties. However, over the last twenty years, United States Immigration and Custom Enforcement has been limiting and controlling the number of immigrants coming into the United States. Their procedures are extensive that require money, identity verification, and time; these are some things that illegal aliens do not have. In…
The conditions that some immigrants endure while in the US are unimaginable and should be challenged. The work of Not1More is especially inspiring because they do not limit activism to protest or strikes but embrace the power of art to motivate others. History has demonstrated that the US is built on diversity and therefore many of our ancestors who could have endured the unlivable conditions that individuals in the detention centers currently face. As Maria Marroquin states in a poem,”…skin color is merely an accident, and what really matters is invisible.” Foley has examined that white skin does not guarantee property rights to whiteness nor does being Caucasian and until there is no clear indicators to what classifies an individual as White the non-Whites will experience prejudice, discrimination, and…
When exploring both the historical oppression of Native Americans and the race’s current challenges, historians can recognize how Indians are living with the remnants of their past. The United States growth as a nation was at the expense of Native Americans, who suffered through genocide, dislocation, and violence from the white man. The historical trauma Native Americans endured has a cumulative emotional and psychological toll, which the ethnicity experiences today. For many tribes, their history is an obstacle for prospective changes and advancement. In the future, to assist Indians in surmounting the trials and tribulations they face, American citizens must spread awareness of the challenges of life on an Indian reservation and aide the group. The United States must finally disregard the stereotypical image of Indians and instead allow Native Americans to win the battle to maintain their cultural identity and traditions. With determination and resilience, in the future, Native Americans can break through the historical barriers of oppression and enjoy financial, familial, and cultural…
The United States is made up of an enormously wide variety of diverse groups of people, each one acquiring its own distinct characteristics. In the spring of 2003, Tom Holm, Diane Pearson, and Ben Chavis refined Cherokee anthropologist Robert K. Thomas’ Peoplehood Model. These scholars introduced Thomas’ model in their scholarly journal titled “Peoplehood: A Model for Extension of Sovereignty in American Indian Studies. This dynamic idea was created by Thomas to categorize the identity of indigenous people. Within this model includes: sacred history, language, ceremonial cycle, and territory. Although we as people who live in the United States currently share a common territory, some ceremonial cycles, and for the most part, the same language, we do not particularly fit the peoplehood model and its entirety.…
“From 1865 to 1992, a consistent and prominent aspect of Native American civil rights aspirations was the right to retain elements of self-determination. While the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and government policy of termination in the 1950s constituted a process of ‘Americanisation’, under which the Federal Government looked to award what might be termed as ‘conventional’ civil rights to Native Americans, it was only in the 1970s and 1980s that the American Indian desire for self-determination began to be implemented, primarily through Supreme Court rulings, so that by 1992 the independence enjoyed by Native American tribes in 1865 had been partially restored. However, only changes in white attitudes towards Native Americans and the example of African American activists in the 1960s enabled the strides made towards securing self-determination in the following two decades.”…
Even after the Indian’s had been removed from their land and displaced from their homes, the distasteful treatment of Indians prevailed, and even became worse. The California “Indian Problem” was a dark time in history, where California did not view “Indians as citizens with civil rights, nor did it treat Indians as sovereign people” (Olson-Raymer, “Whose Manifest Destiny...”). As more settlers came into California in search of gold, the Indians were soon a source of controversy. Indian slavery was allowed, and militias were given the power to decimate Indian populations. California’s Act for the Government and Protection of Indians did little to actually protect Indians, instead actually promoting oppression (Olson-Raymer,“Whose Manifest Destiny...…
The book also demonstrates that long-term solutions to threatening rich Indian discrimination does not arise from matching the lobbying and political behavior of other U.S. citizens, instead the strength comes from within the indigenous nations to protect their sacred homeland and keeping their cultural and political forms of authority. During the era of forced federalism, the nations were obligated to deal with states as equals, which weakened the exclusive and historic relationship with the federal government. The…
Long before the United States became a nation in the Americas, Empires had risen and fallen, tribes had made their homes, and of course, established their culture. As foreigners settled their “new world,” Native people were pushed away from the homes they had long since known. Going back much farther back than this however, there were other foreigners, that came not from the sea, but from the land, from the north. Most likely coming in waves through the Bering Strait from East Asia and Russia. Such ancient cultural ties; shared history, religion, land, and especially languages, are instrumental in retaining strong identity. With these connections being threatened by cultural suppression and an unfriendly, changing world, tribal identity is…
The story of the Puerto Rican people is unique in the history of U.S. immigration, just as Puerto Rico occupies a distinctive—and sometimes confusing—position in the nation’s civic fabric. Puerto Rico has been a possession of the U.S. for more than a century, but it has never been a state. Its people have been U.S. citizens since 1917, but they have no vote in Congress. As citizens, the people of Puerto Rico can move throughout the 50 states just as any other Americans can—legally, this is considered internal migration, not immigration. However, in moving to the mainland, Puerto Ricans leave a homeland with its own distinct identity and culture, and the transition can involve many of the same cultural conflicts and emotional adjustments that most immigrants face. Some writers have suggested that the Puerto Rican migration experience can be seen as an internal immigration—as the experience of a people who move within their own country, but whose new home lies well outside of their emotional home territory.…
During the 1970’s and 80’s The United States was unable to control irregular immigrants from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos and refugees escaping wars in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua (Gurucharri). Although the government did not try to control the flux of immigrants, rather they enacted the “Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986” which increased the Border Patrol, had penalizations for employers hiring irregulars, and gave an amnesty for irregular immigrants already in the U.S (Immigration Reform). The “Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility act” was passed 10 years later setting the restrictions of criminal activity (Illegal Immigration).…