Statistical Data Analyses
Statistical Data Analyses
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Outline of Presentation
Overview of Research Designs Functions of Statistics Sampling Principles of Analysis and Interpretation (with Computer Package) – Descriptive Statistics – Inferential Statistics
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Statistical Data Analyses
Purposes of Research Design
Exploratory/Descriptive Research design – Basic or fundamental in the research enterprise – What is going on? – Example: What is the percentage of the population enrolled in health insurance programs? Explanatory Research design – Why is it going on? – The purpose is to avoid invalid inferences – Example: What is the effect of enrolment in health insurance programs to the cost of hospitalization?
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Statistical Data Analyses
Essential Elements of Research
Theory (literature)
Statistics
Research empirical/what is observed Design
Statistical Data Analyses
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Functions of Statistics
1.
2.
3.
Characterizing/exploring patterns of data to make it more meaningful Making generalizations about population parameter from sample statistic Finding associations or relationships between and among the gathered data
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Statistical Data Analyses
Sampling
Sampling refers to taking a portion of a population or universe as representative of that population or universe.
An Important Fact About Sampling: Different results and hence different conclusions can be arrived when inference about a parameter is made on the basis of a sample. This is due to the fact that a sample is just one of the many possible samples that can be selected.
Statistical Data Analyses Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Sampling Designs
Probability Sampling- sampling design in which every unit or member of the population is given an equal chance of being part of the sample
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Outline of Presentation
Overview of Research Designs Functions of Statistics Sampling Principles of Analysis and Interpretation (with Computer Package) – Descriptive Statistics – Inferential Statistics
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Statistical Data Analyses
Purposes of Research Design
Exploratory/Descriptive Research design – Basic or fundamental in the research enterprise – What is going on? – Example: What is the percentage of the population enrolled in health insurance programs? Explanatory Research design – Why is it going on? – The purpose is to avoid invalid inferences – Example: What is the effect of enrolment in health insurance programs to the cost of hospitalization?
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Statistical Data Analyses
Essential Elements of Research
Theory (literature)
Statistics
Research empirical/what is observed Design
Statistical Data Analyses
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Functions of Statistics
1.
2.
3.
Characterizing/exploring patterns of data to make it more meaningful Making generalizations about population parameter from sample statistic Finding associations or relationships between and among the gathered data
Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Statistical Data Analyses
Sampling
Sampling refers to taking a portion of a population or universe as representative of that population or universe.
An Important Fact About Sampling: Different results and hence different conclusions can be arrived when inference about a parameter is made on the basis of a sample. This is due to the fact that a sample is just one of the many possible samples that can be selected.
Statistical Data Analyses Graeme Ferdinand D. Armecin, MHSS
Sampling Designs
Probability Sampling- sampling design in which every unit or member of the population is given an equal chance of being part of the sample