Statistical Research

Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Computer Studies

Mathematics and Natural Science Department

In Partial Fulfillment in the Course
Statistics and Probabilities
“Environmental Studies”
(MATH 243)

Members:
CABSABA, John Keith S.
CAUBALEJO, Dessa Marie S.
LAGAÑOSA, Michelle
MALCABA, Thea Rafaelle C.
MANUEL, Mark Levin G.
REBUTIACO, Julius Jolwin B.

Eng’r Mau H. Camayra Jr.
May 22, 2013

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The researchers would like to acknowledge the assistance, cooperation, sympathy and contribution of the following people in the completion of this research: To Jason Alvarez who helped on surveying in Quezon City and to their family. To Jonas Murillo, Louie Martin Talan, Justin Vincent Vicente and Claudine De Leon who helped on surveying in Laguna. To Lorevean Caluya, Susana Lagañosa and Maribel Obong who helped on surveying in Ilocos. To Ms. Christine Joy Solania and Ms. Hershi Camposano who helped on surveying in Bataan. To Manel Amberlyne M. Lopez, Eunicia Mae Alarma Galang, Rhandy Basatan and Arlou Catalan who helped on surveying in Batangas. To our families who really supporting ever since. And to ourselves who made this research a moving vision. And specially, to Lord Almighty who never gets tired to give our souls a motivation in this study and even in everyday life. And to all the unsung people who helped us in making this study.

The Researchers

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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Acknowledgment 1 II. Abstract III. Introduction IV. Objectives V. Parameters VI. Materials and Methods i. Collection of Data ii. Sampling Locations A. Non-Ncr VI.ii.A.1-4 B. NCR VI.ii.B.1-4

iii. Results VII. Computations
VIII. Interpretation of Data IX. Conclusion X. Recommendation XI. Appendices i. Tables and Graphs ii. Survey Questionnaire iii. Clustering Diagram

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ABSTRACT

The main focus of the research is to find out which city is the most concern about their environment specifically, the factors behind it. The prevailing situation and condition of the subject of the study can be accurately justified and interpreted if the descriptive method will be used as how it has been defined. The respondents of the study consisted of 8 variety cities and provinces in Luzon with 20 populations on each as respondents. The instruments used in this study were survey form of questionnaires. The data gathered in this study were organized and classified based from the research design and problems formulated. The statistical tools used in the study were frequency and percentage, ranking, weighted mean, and Liker scale.

Statement of the Problem This study sought to determine which cities will be outstanding based on the survey results. The researchers would like to find out the reasons why there are some places that are too careless with their surroundings. To determine what were the reasons why there are pollutions with their cities. And also to determine why some place in the Philippines have floods, air pollution, and some other factors that affect our environment. The researchers also wants to find out on how effective are the local government reacts on their community when it comes in environmental problems. What do the respondents know about their ordinance or laws that may take action in preventing these kinds of problems. The researchers also want to distinguish how clean their community is. And what is the difference between the NCR and Non-NCR cities with the behavior of the respondents when it comes to the cleanliness of their community. Specifically, the study intended to answer the following questions:

• Personal profile of the respondents; • Cities’ proper segregation and disposal of trash • Comparison of behavior of NCR and Non-NCR respondents towards environmental care • Rating of cities practicing waste management program • Effectiveness of cities’ implementation of environmental laws/ordinance • Cities’ rating of cleanliness?

Summary of Findings

In light of the data analyzed, the following summaries of findings were stated:

1. Age Profile Findings showed that the respondents belong to the age group of 18-22 years old which comprised of 51% of the total respondents.

2. Cities’ proper segregation and disposal of trash Findings showed that among the cities surveyed, Batangas City is the highest in ranking when it comes to proper segregation and disposal of trash.

3. Comparison of behavior of NCR and Non-NCR respondents towards environmental care Findings showed that the respondents in Non-NCR have the most number of respondents that has more concern compared to the respondents of the NCR Region. Non-NCR has the percentage of 76.63% while NCR has the percentage of 65.75%. 4. Rating of cities practicing Waste Management Program Findings showed that among the cities surveyed, Batangas City is the highest in rating when it comes to Waste Management Program practices.

5. Effectiveness of cities’ Implementation of Environmental Laws/Ordinance Findings showed that among the cities surveyed, Batangas City is the highest in ranking when it comes to Implementation of Environmental Laws/Ordinance.

6. Rating of cleanliness of cities Findings showed that among the cities surveyed, Batangas City is the highest in rating when it comes to cleanliness.

Conclusion Based with the study, the researchers have drawn several conclusions.

1. Age Profile The respondents comprise of selected residents of selected City in the NCR and Non-NCR. Most of the respondents surveyed belong to the age group of 18-22 years old which means that young generation are aware of practices that contribute to the welfare of the environment.

2. Cities’ proper segregation and disposal of trash The study found out that the selected cities promote proper segregation and disposal of trash but Batangas City tops it all. This only proves that residents of the city are disciplined.

3. Comparison of behavior of NCR and Non-NCR respondents towards environmental care Data shows that most of the residents in Non-NCR have more concern to environment compared to the residents of the NCR because the environment there is different with the environment within the NCR region. For example, there are too many buildings and infrastructure here in NCR. While in the province, there are less infrastructure and buildings there. That only means that here in NCR is more crowded than the cities in the province.

4. Rating of cities practicing Waste Management Program Batangas City tops the rating when it comes to Waste Management Program practices. It only shows that this City is really determined in caring for the environment.

5. Effectiveness of cities’ Implementation of Environmental Laws/Ordinance Among the cities, Batangas City is the highest in ranking when it comes to Implementation of Environmental Laws/Ordinance since it conducts Waste Management Program to its community which leads to its proper segregation and disposal of their trash.

6. Rating of cleanliness of cities Batangas City also has the highest rating when it comes to cleanliness. This may result because the local government is very strict with their community corresponding with their environment through its Waste Management Program, policies in environmental protection and conservation, implementation of environmental laws and natural disaster program.

Recommendations In the light of the conclusion drawn above, the following recommendations are made: The cities surveyed should continue their advocacy regarding environmental protection and conservation. And they should also continue to properly implement Environmental Laws for the welfare of their community and for the generation to come. The researchers would like to recommend that the next research project would focus with more number of respondents also focuses with the religion, gender, and marital status. This is to find out how does religion, gender, or marital status affects on how they react with their environment. The researchers also like to recommend to at least try to have some respondents from Visayas and Mindanao to maximize the location that can be possibly be studied.

INTRODUCTION "Chaos was the law of nature; Order was the dream of man." --Henry Brooks Adams

WHAT? Because of the unlimited desires of mankind, we experience the scarcity of resources. Nature is our partner ever since, to our progress and development. So it so very important for us that we should not take it for granted and just recognizes its importance in times that we only need it. But now, because of our abusive usage to nature, it’s doing its own way on how it could treat itself in form of catastrophic events, such as floods, epidemics, landslide and many more. In other words, nature treats us based on how we treat it.
WHY?
This study is also important in terms of finding ways and reason why the nature is so unpredictable today. We must admit that we cannot live without the help of blessing of our environment because we eat, drink, breath and live in it. And now, compared to before, nature’s resources are more abundant and we must be thankful today because somehow we can still feel its blessings. So now, we must recognize its importance while it’s still with us because it is assumable that in the near future, air will become for sale, water is very hard to find and there would be chaos just to survive.
HOW?
We will figure out how human interacts with the environment via survey with the help of the data that they will fill in it.

OBJECTIVES • Cities’ proper segregation and disposal of trash • Comparison of behavior of NCR and Non-NCR respondents towards environmental care • Rating of cities practicing waste management program • Effectiveness of cities’ implementation of environmental laws/ordinance • Cities’ rating of cleanliness

PARAMETERS
Scope and Limitations The respondents of the study were composed of 160 respondents coming from eight (8) variety cities and provinces in Luzon with 20 respondents on each as respondents. The population of the study will only be consisted of individual over the age of 18, and if the respondent is residing in the city for more than 2 years. All data collected will only be valid if the respondent are: (1) If respondents answered all questions that are given in the survey and nothing is left blank; and (2) Respondents residing in the location to be studied.

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Materials and Methods:

The population to be covered is the 8 variety cities and provinces in Luzon with 20 populations on each as respondents.

• We used a survey questionnaire to gather data from 20 respondents from 4 City and 4 Provinces in total of 160 respondents. • Via Random Sampling –

In terms of surveying, we conducted it altogether so we can collect data as quick as possible. We went to every parks and landmarks where there are groups of people and we asked their permission one by one if it’ ok with them if we could conduct a survey until we get are ideal respondents in that particular City.

Collection of Data

Collecting data in careful manner is important to have an accurate data that we want. Using Direct and Indirect interview method we are able to complete the data we needed. With the use of technology we are able to do the survey faster.

Figure 1.1: Division of collection of data.

Sampling Location:
Non-NCR Maps

Figure VI.ii.A.2.1: Map of Bataan Figure VI.ii.A.2.2: Map of Ilocos

Figure VI.ii.A.2.3: Map of Laguna Figure VI.ii.A.2.4: Batangas

NCR Maps

Figure VI.ii.B.2.1: Map of Pasig City Figure VI.ii.B.2.2: Map of Manila City

Figure VI.ii.B.2.3: Map of Pasay City Figure VI.ii.B: Map of Quezon City

Results:
Rating System Used
|Rating |Percentage of City |
|Excellent |81-100 |
|Good |61-80 |
|Fair/Average |21-40 |
|Needs Improvement |21-40 |
|Poor |1-20 |

Figyre 3.1: Likert Scale of Ratings

Excellent- this rank is the highest rank and if the city/cities reach at this point or percentage, we can say that this city/cities have the highest concern about the environment, who protecting it and we can call them a Eco-Friendly.
Good-at this rank the city/cities that reach this percentage we can say that their doing their best for our environment.
Fair/Average- this rank is also have a concern about environment but not enough.
Needs/Improvement-if the cities reach this percentage ranking we can say that the city/cities have doesn’t enough concern in their environment and need to improve the habits about protecting the ecosystem/environment.
Poor-if the city reach this ranking, the city may not protecting the environment and doesn’t have a concern in our mother earth.

Frequency Table:
[pic]
Figure 4.1: Frequency Table of the age of the respondents
Range = (69-18)/10 AM = (69+18)/2
= 5.1 or 5 = 43.5
Mean = 43.5 + (-577/160) x 5
= 25.47
25.47 is the average age of the most respondents that we have interviewed.
Mode = 17.5 + ((82-26) / [(82-26)+(82-0)]) x 5
=19.5
19.5 is the average age that we have interviewed with the highest frequency.
Variance=110.125
Standard Deviation=10.08
Skewness
= 3(25.47 – 23)/10.08
=0.74

This table is to differentiate the respondents NCR and Non-NCR with their concern with their environment. The data shown in the table proves that the respondents in Non-NCR have the most number of respondents that has more concern with the respondents of the NCR Region. 15.325 is the average respondent that Non-NCR has and 13.15 for the respondent of NCR.

Figure 5.1: This figure shows the tables of the yes answered by the respondents.

These tables show the result about the most significant questions in TEST 2.

Figure 6.1: This table is to determine which city throws their trash properly.

Figure 6.2: This table also determines who segregate their trash

To get the rating of the city, we used this formula.
Rating = (((A*n) + (O*n) + (S*n) + (R*n) + (N*n)/20)/5)*100
Where A(always)=5, O(often)=4, S(sometimes)=3,R(rarely)=2,N(never)=1, and n =number of respondents/choice.

These tables show the ranking of the cities corresponding with the Waste Management Program, Cleanliness, and Implementation of Environmental Laws.
We also used the same formula that we used with test 2, frequency test.

Figure 7.1: This shows the ranking of the cleanliness of the cities.
This figure shows that Batangas has the highest rank in terms of the cleanliness of their city, while Manila is the least with the cleanliness of their city. As we can see, all of the Non-NCR is at the highest rank. And NCR cities have the least in ranking.

Figure 7.2: This shows the Implementation of Environmental Laws of the cities.
This figure shows that Batangas has the highest rank in terms of Implementation of the Environmental Laws based on the survey.

Figure .3: And lastly, this shows the rating of the Waste Management Program of the cities.
This figure shows that Batangas is the highest rank in terms of the Waste Management Program. This only result that the Batangas is the most outstanding city that has the government that focuses with the Environmental projects.

Appendices

Sampling Technique

[pic] Figure 8.1: Sampling Technique

Clustering Diagram

Figure 9.1.1: Clustering of Batangas

Figure 9.1.2: Clustering of Ilocos

Figure 9.1.3: Clustering of Laguna

Figure 9.1.4: Clustering of Bataan

Figure 9.2.1: Clustering of Manila

Figure 9.2.3: Clustering of Pasay

Figure 9.2.3: Clustering of Quezon City

Figure 9.2.4: Clustering of Pasig

Graphs
Test 1: Yes answers

[pic]
Figure 10.1: This figure shows the Results of the average number of respondents that answered yes in the survey per region.

Test 2: Segregation of trash.

[pic]
Figure 10.2: This figure shows the results the ranking of the cities based on segragation of trash.

Test 2: Throwing properly of trash.

[pic]
Figure 10.3: This figure shows the average of respondents that throws trash properly.

Test 3: Cleanliness

[pic]
Figure 10.4: This figure shows the result of the cleanliness of the cities based on the survey.

Test 3: Waste Management Program

[pic]
Figure 10.5: This Figure shows the results of the ranking of Waste Management Program based on the survey.