Statistics

Contents Univariate Data 2 Central tendency 2 Mean 2 Median 3 Mode 3 Trimean 3 Trimmed Mean 3 Spread 3 Range 3 Semi Inter Quartile Rang 3 Variance and Standard Deviation 3 Skew 3 Graphical Representations 4 Frequency Polygons& Cumulative Frequency Polygons 4 Histograms & Bar Graphs 4 Stem and Leaf plots 4 Box Plots 4 Describing Bivariate Data 4 Scatterplots 4 Pearson’s Correlation 4 Spearman’s Rho 4 Probability 4 Binomial Distribution 4 Assumptions: 5 Subjective Probability 5 Normal Distribution 5 Standard Normal Distribution 5 Sampling Distribution 5 Standard Error of Statistic 5 Central Limit Theorem 5 Area under the Sampling Distribution of the Mean 6 Sampling Distribution, Difference between Independent means 6 Sampling Distribution of a Linear Combination of Means 6 Sampling Distribution of Pearson’s R 7 Sampling Distribution of Difference between Independent Pearson’s Rs 7 Sampling Distribution of Median 7 Sampling Distribution of the Standard Deviation 7 Sampling Distribution of a Proportion 7 Correction for Continuity 7 Sampling Distribution of Difference between Two Proportions 7 Point Estimation 7 Characteristics of Estimators 8 Estimating Variance 8 Confidence Intervals 8 CI for Mean, SD Known 8 CI for mean, SD Estimated 8 Genera Formula 8 CI for Difference between means, Independent Groups, SD known 8 CI for Difference between means, Independent Groups, SD Estimated 9 CI for Linear combination of Means, Independent Groups 9 CI on Pearson’s Correlation 9 CI between Independent Correlations 10 Hypothesis Testing 10 Null Hypothesis 10 Steps in Hypothesis testing 10

Univariate Data
Central tendency
Mean
* Good for roughly symmetric distributions * Misleading in skewed distributions * Most efficient for normal distributions * Equal to expected value * GM better than AM (resistance to skewness)
Median
* Midpoint