The sample results should be expected to the population and compared to tolerable misstatement. There also should be some consideration of whether there is an acceptable allowance of sampling error.…
5.2 WHAT IS THE POPULATION? For each of the following sampling situations identify the population as exactly as possible. That is, say what kind of individuals the population consists of and say exactly which individuals fall in the population. If the information given is not complete, complete the description of the population in a reasonable way. (a) Each week, the Gallup Poll questions a sample of about 1500 adult U. S. residents to determine national opinion on a wide variety of issues. An individual is a person; the population is all adult U.S. residents. (b) The 2000 census tried to gather basic information from every household in the United States. But a “long form” requesting much additional information was sent to a sample of about 17% of households. An individual is a household; the population is all U.S. households. (c) A machinery manufacturer purchases voltage regulators from a supplier. There are reports that variation in the output voltage of the regulators is affecting the performance of the finished products. To assess the quality of the supplier’s production, the manufacturer sends a sample of 5 regulators from the last shipment to a laboratory for study. An individual is a voltage regulator; the population is all the regulators in the last shipment.…
For example, if I want to know how watching the violent shows on television affects the behavior of children, it won’t be realistic to study each child in the population, so I would use sampling.…
According to Lind, Marchal, and Warhen (2011), the definition of statistics is that it is the science of data. It involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical information (Chapter 1). There are different types and levels of statistics. For example Descriptive statistics utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present the information in a convenient form. The four elements of descriptive statistical problems are the population or sample of interest, One or more variables (characteristics of the populations or sample units) that are to be investigated, Tables, graphs, numerical summary tools, and the identification of patterns in the data…
Other Terms Population: entire group of people being studied Sample: the part of the population being studied Inference: conclusion made about the population based on the sample Binary Data: only 2 choices/outcomes Non-Binary: more than 2 outcomes Sampling Techniques Characteristics of a good sample -Each person must have an equal chance to be in the sample -Sample must be vast enough to represent Simple Random: each member has equal chance of being selected Ie, picking members randomly apartments Sequential Random: go through population sequentially and select members Ie, Selecting every 5th person Stratified Sampling: a strata is a group of people that share common charactoristics Constraints the proportion of members in the strata from the population in the sample…
research studies use two different categories of statistics to analyze the data collected: descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics are simply numerical or graphical summaries of data, and may include charts, graphs, and simple summary statistics such as means and standard deviations to describe characteristics of a population…
3) The performance of personal and business investments is measured as a percentage, return on investment. What type of variable is return on investment?…
In order to obtain statistical data, there are various factors that need to be collected, analyzed and then summarize to come to an appropriate conclusion. In order to collect a certain amount of data from the population, a sample will need to be performed. The sample techniques that are utilized, are done so to save time. These methods are suitable for different types of data and they can also save money. The main point is to test all the factors in order to obtain accurate and reliable results.…
This influences the way aid practitioners see and know educational needs and priorities and shapes decisions about who is in and who is out of aid entitlements. As such, evidence-informed decision making, although it is believed to ensure rationality and accountability, can also serve to downplay, marginalise and exclude certain groups from opportunities and agendas, and even symbolise their marginality and exclusion as legitimate. It is neither random, equitable nor necessarily scientifically rational; rather, it is inherently…
A population is the entire group to be studied and a sample is a portion of the population.…
3. A national survey asked 1261 US adult fast-food customers which meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner or snack) they ordered.…
9. Observations made in natural habitat, helped to show that the societies and behavior of animals are far more complex than previously supposed…
It is rare to watch television news or read the paper without learning the results of a recent survey. Given the proliferation of surveys, it is important to know more about their characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. Surveys involve two distinct steps: selecting cases (most typically people) and then presenting those cases with a predetermined set of questions. The first step, often called "sampling," is critical. In most situations, we want to be able to make generalizations about a "population" (all the cases of interest) based on a subset of that population, our "sample." How we choose cases for our sample determines the confidence with which we can make statements about what is likely to be true of the population. It is also important to attend to the questions that are asked in surveys. It is emphasized in the article that word choice matters, often in surprising ways.…
Far too often, the researcher is so concerned about communicating results that he or she forgets to provide a clear, logical interpretation of those results. The researcher must always be aware that his or her level of understanding regarding sampling methods and statistics, for example, may not be the same as that of the user. Therefore, the researcher…
Regardless of the field of study or preference for defining data (quantitative, qualitative) (Leedy, Ormrod, 2010), accurate data collection is essential to maintaining the integrity of research and accessibility of research data in a rapidly evolving digital age will take the collective efforts of universities and other research institutions (SecienceDaily, 2009). The justification for preserving data integrity is to support the detection of errors in the data collection process, For this research, data collection refers to the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.…