15.18 Sixty-four students in an introductory college economics class were asked how many credits they had earned in college, and how certain they were about their choice of major. Research question:
At α = .01, is the degree of certainty independent of credits earned? Certaint Credits Earned | Very Uncertain | Somewhat certain | Very Certain | Row Total | 0–9 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 23 | 10 to 59 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 22 | 60 or more | 1 | 7 | 11 | 19 | Col Total | 21 | 19 | 24 | 64 | | | | | | | | Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Col 1 | Col 2 | Col 3 | Total | | Row 1 | Observed | 12 | 8 | 3 | 23 | | | Expected | 7.55 | 6.83 | 8.63 | 23.00 | | Row 2 | Observed | 8 | 4 | 10 | 22 | | | Expected | 7.22 | 6.53 | 8.25 | 22.00 | | Row 3 | Observed | 1 | 7 | 11 | 19 | | | Expected | 6.23 | 5.64 | 7.13 | 19.00 | | Total | Observed | 21 | 19 | 24 | 64 | | | Expected | 21.00 | 19.00 | 24.00 | 64.00 | | | | | | | | | | | 14.76 | chi-square | | | | | | 4 | df | | | | | | .0052 | p-value | | | | | | | |
15.22 A student team examined parked cars in four different suburban shopping malls. One hundred vehicles were examined in each location. Research question: At α = .05, does vehicle type vary by mall location? (Data are from a project by MBA students Steve Bennett, Alicia Morais, Steve
Olson, and Greg Corda.) Vehicles Vehicle Type | Somerset | Oakland | Great Lakes | Jamestown | Row Total | Car | 44 | 49 | 36 | 64 | 193 | Minivan | 21 | 15 | 18 | 13 | 67 | Full-size van | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | SUV | 19 | 27 | 26 | 12 | 84 | Truck | 14 | 6 | 17 | 9 | 46 | Co Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 400 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence | | | | | |