Dr. Robert Agnew studied strain theory and spoke about the criticisms that were discovered in the original theory. The original strain theory found an increase in delinquency would result from an increase in aspirations as well as a decrease in expectations. This was later found to be false. The initial theory was a prediction of a focus of lower class delinquency. Research into this claim was found to be just as likely to happen in both middle and upper classes. The original strain theory ignored different variables, which Agnew addressed. Both the abandonment of crime in late adolescence as well as the quality of family relationships was overlooked (Agnew, 1985).…
Walters (2010) applies the Robert Merton’s strain theory to explain hate crime. Strain theory posits that most members of society have similar goals. However, crime occurs when some individuals do not have legitimate avenues to pursue these goals. Walters (2010) argues that hate crimes against minority groups could be due to socio-economic instability in the offender’s life. This instability is perceived to be caused by the incoming minority groups.…
To understand the development of Strain Theory which was developed by Robert King Merton, we first have to examine the history context from Emile Durkheim. The beginning of Anomie Theory evolves from the famous Sociologist name Emile Durkheim. The term anomie is the any social or rapid changes in society that threatens or weakens the collective consciences which disable people the inability to form the shared values, norms, and beliefs. Therefore, individuals are unable to regulate each other behavior which results in crime (Durkheim, 1897; quoted in Lanier & Henry, 2004:238). As a student who studies under Emile Durkheim, Robert Merton borrows the term Anomie and uses it in his own languages. Merton transforms Anomie into his own language by asserting that the social structures within society that is culturally defined goals may pressure individuals to commit crime through illegitimate mean when people is face with block opportunity for them to gain access to the American dreams (Merton, 1995; quoted in Lanier & Henry, 2004:240). Those who are able to achieve the American dreams is subject to owning a house, car, and providing comfort. Other person who is restricted to the opportunity becomes strain. Though, some people who experiences strain does not commit crime, others other who expose to strain adapt to strain by five modes of adaptation. These five modes of adaptation include conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and…
One of the theories we talked about was the general strain theory by Robert Agnew. By added strain from others will take away the value we have towards something. The strain will be added among everyone involved. From this strain added by other people is how a person will respond. When the strain cannot be managed it will lead to crime.…
While the pressure to conform is intense, people continue to deviate. Using either Merton’s Strain Theory or Becker’s Labeling Theory, explain why some people choose to become deviant.…
If 100 people are released from prison, and 75 of them relapse back into their previous criminal behavior, is the prison system sufficient? (Page 10. No Place For Kids- The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration.) Based off of Robert Merton’s structural strain theory, Kohlberg's morality scale, tragedy of the commons, and Walter Mischel's theory of delayed gratification, it can be proved that the United States Criminal Justice system is flawed.…
There are many criminological theories to explain why crime and criminals work the way they work. Five theories are fit into a majority of today’s crime cases are Anomie theory by Emile Durkheim, General strain theory by Robert Agnew, Social Disorganization theory by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay, Social Bonding theory by Travis Hirschi, and the Containment theory by Walter Reckless. Anomie is when there is a clear lack of social norms and values. This is common among teens who grew up in a dysfunctional, abusive family. General strain theory is used an individual is strained and unable to cope with the strain so they commit their time to doing crimes. Social Disorganization theory shows why certain neighborhoods experience more crime rates…
* Strain leads to negative affective state which causes people to cope with their negative state with either criminal or non-criminal coping strategies.…
When exposed to these types of strain, people will experience negative emotions such as anger, fear and depression, and the mechanisms used for coping with these emotions often involves criminal means when the level of strain experienced is thought to be chronic, unjust, and severe by the offender (O’Connor, 2013). Justin Bourque picked up a chronic marijuana smoking habit at the age of 22, to which he claimed it helped him deal with his negative thoughts about life and his lack of respect for authority (Bissett, 2014). Engaging in crime has been linked as a way for individuals to reduce the negative emotions they feel as a result of the strain or strains they are experiencing (Agnew, 2013). In the weeks leading up to the shootings, Justin Bourque was working 15 hour days at a job he didn’t like, and couldn’t afford his marijuana habit (Bissett, 2014). This links with the first type of strain in Agnew’s Strain Theory.…
Sociological theory ties into the strain theory and in 1985 Agnew revised the strain theory that basically states that people who are not treated fairly or respectfully experience strain. The indication behind the over-all strain theory is just as its term suggests. The strain theory looks at the strain on a person and whether they will settle toward committing crimes to lessen the strain on their self. The main ideas of the strain theory compact with how a destructive relationship upsets an individual and their future deals with crime. Damaging relationships are defined as relations with others that are not stable on how a person considers that they should be treated. Since the stepfather has been sexually abusing Abby she has become withdrawn from her parent, activities, and school. Having a negative influence in her life Abby feels that she can’t cope with life. Abby is an angry teenager obviously and should be rehabilitated to get back on track with the right intervention. According to the strain theory Abby is experiencing a lot of stress and strain. She has the right to be troubled, and she will continue to…
Erin has been shooting up meth, herioin, and pain pills for many many months. Her children were previously taken by Jason and Kristy Smith. Jason is the brother of Trey Smith, the father. Trey is currently in rehab for alcoholism. Erin agreed to allow Jason and Kristy take the children so that she could check herself into rehab and get better, which she did not do. She did supposedly get clean for a short time. Long enough for them to bring the children back. When this situation was first discovered, Erin's arms were covered in needle marks from top to bottom and the children had been found unattended numerous times, while Erin was "dope sick" in bed and the babies were not taken care of. At those times the babies were taken to a friends home to be cared for.…
While many others may become maladjusted and begin using an escape-avoidance coping mechanism. Essentially an escape-avoidance coping consists of an individual running away from his/her stressor; therefore, is seen by many psychologists to be the least favorable coping mechanism. Research provides that a positive social support reduces the toll a traumatic experience will bestow upon an officer, resulting in lesser reported symptoms of PTSD. Humans are inclined to thrive once an ingroup has been established. Humans simultaneously desire to be a part of a group and distinguish themselves from the group, the group provides a comfort and heighten of self-esteem that seemingly cannot be matched by a lone individual.…
The following section will use strain theories to analyse factors and causes that lead the offender to commit his crimes. Anomie and strain theory will be used here with respect to Merton’s concept of “retreatism” (Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995), as well as Agnew’s general strain theory (GST) as it accounts for individual and emotional strain derived from negative relationships (Agnew, 1992). These will be the primary theories used for analysis in this paper as they are most relevant. The final section will involve the application of SLT.…
The primary purpose of the report is for you to work with three other people and undertake a study of an organization – the steps for establishing team performance plans, the development and facilitation of team cohesion, the facilitation of teamwork and, liaising with stakeholders. Reviewing the effectiveness of teams within an organization is imperative so that opportunities for improvements may be identified and investigated. The study necessitates an evaluation of an organization’s policies, procedures, processes and resources – whether they are sufficient, or whether additional arrangements need to be looked into. The study may reveal a need for: more documentation, infrastructural changes and/or employee requirements.…
A perfect competition industry infrastructure is one that comprises numerous small sellers and buyers. Firms that comprise the industry produce similar products and consumers have complete and accurate information about their prices. All firms have equal access to raw materials, capital, labor and technology. A perfectly competitive industry, therefore, has no single market leader or monopolistic firm. All participating companies are identically leveraged and each must offer high quality products to retain customers. Examples of perfectly competitive industries include those that offer agricultural products, such as livestock, corn and wheat.…