Strategy Safari by Mintzberg
STRATEGY SAFARI
A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL
T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK >aJ&aiz. u.frmiu/i «...* „.;i••/ . • . . >•.»•.. . .. •..•••.-.••a/itiktSii^i
THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020
Copyright © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THE FREE PRESS and colophon are trademarks of Simon & Schuster Inc. Designed by Carla Bolte Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Permissions acknowledgments appear on pages 393-395. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mintzberg, Henry. Strategy safari: a guided tour through the wilds of strategic management / Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand, Joseph Lampel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Strategic planning. I. Ahlstrand, Bruce W. II. Lampel, Joseph. III. Title. HD30.28.M564 1998 658.4 '012—dc21 98-9694 CIP ISBN 0-684 -84743-4 (hardcover)
There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come to the one called WAYOUT, but the nicest people go straight to the animal they love the most, and stay there.
—A. A. Milne, in the Introduction to Winnie-The-Pooh
We dedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages.
CONTENTS
Embarkation 1 "And Over Here, Ladies and Gentlemen: The Strategic Management Beast" 2 The Design School Strategy Formation as a Process of Conception 3 The Planning School Strategy Formation as a Formal Process 4 The Positioning School Strategy Formation as an Analytical Process
ix
1 23
47
81
5
The Entrepreneurial School Strategy Formation as a Visionary Process
123
6
The Cognitive School Strategy Formation as a Mental Process
149
7
A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL
T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK >aJ&aiz. u.frmiu/i «...* „.;i••/ . • . . >•.»•.. . .. •..•••.-.••a/itiktSii^i
THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020
Copyright © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THE FREE PRESS and colophon are trademarks of Simon & Schuster Inc. Designed by Carla Bolte Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Permissions acknowledgments appear on pages 393-395. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mintzberg, Henry. Strategy safari: a guided tour through the wilds of strategic management / Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand, Joseph Lampel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Strategic planning. I. Ahlstrand, Bruce W. II. Lampel, Joseph. III. Title. HD30.28.M564 1998 658.4 '012—dc21 98-9694 CIP ISBN 0-684 -84743-4 (hardcover)
There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come to the one called WAYOUT, but the nicest people go straight to the animal they love the most, and stay there.
—A. A. Milne, in the Introduction to Winnie-The-Pooh
We dedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages.
CONTENTS
Embarkation 1 "And Over Here, Ladies and Gentlemen: The Strategic Management Beast" 2 The Design School Strategy Formation as a Process of Conception 3 The Planning School Strategy Formation as a Formal Process 4 The Positioning School Strategy Formation as an Analytical Process
ix
1 23
47
81
5
The Entrepreneurial School Strategy Formation as a Visionary Process
123
6
The Cognitive School Strategy Formation as a Mental Process
149
7